Shloka 81

Devanagari script

तस्मिन्‌ विनिहते वीरे सर्वेषां दुःखमाविशत्‌

Transliteration

tasmin vinihate vīre sarveṣāṃ duḥkham āviśat

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Khi vị dũng sĩ ấy bị giết, nỗi đau buồn tràn vào lòng tất cả. Câu kệ cho thấy sự ngã xuống của một chiến binh kiệt xuất trong chiến tranh tạo nên chấn động đạo lý và cảm xúc ở cả hai phe, phơi bày cái giá chung của con người ẩn dưới hào quang võ công.

Word by Word

• तस्मिन्: in him/therein
• तस्मिन्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular

• विनिहते: when (he was) slain
• विनिहते: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-नि-हन् (हन्॑)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)

• वीरे: in the hero
• वीरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• सर्वेषाम्: of all (people)
• सर्वेषाम्: Apadana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• दुःखम्: sorrow
• दुःखम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• आविशत्: entered/overcame
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-विश्
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• संजय (Sañjaya)
• वीर (a heroic warrior; unnamed in this half-verse)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even in a dharma-framed war, the death of a great warrior is not merely a tactical event; it becomes a collective moral and emotional burden, reminding the listener that violence inevitably spreads suffering beyond the immediate target.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that upon the slaying of a prominent hero in the battle, a wave of grief seized everyone present—indicating the magnitude of the fallen warrior and the atmosphere of shock on the battlefield.