Shloka 43

Devanagari script

कृत्वा व्यूहमभेद्यं च पातयित्वा महारथान्‌ | जयद्रथस्य समरे कृत्वा रक्षां महारथ:

Transliteration

kṛtvā vyūham abhedyaṃ ca pātayitvā mahārathān | jayadrathasya samare kṛtvā rakṣāṃ mahārathaḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya nói: “Dựng nên một trận đồ bất khả phá, rồi đánh gục các đại xa chiến tướng, vị đại dũng sĩ ấy liền lập vòng hộ vệ cho Jayadratha giữa chiến địa.”

Word by Word

• कृत्वा: having done/made
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (absolutive/gerund)

• व्यूहम्: battle-array/formation
• व्यूहम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यूह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अभेद्यम्: unbreakable/impregnable
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभेद्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• पातयित्वा: having caused to fall/slain
• Type: Verb
• Root: पत्/पातय् (धातु; causative of पत्)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (absolutive/gerund), णिच्-प्रयोग

• महारथान्: great chariot-warriors
• महारथान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: महारथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• जयद्रथस्य: of Jayadratha
• Type: Noun
• Root: जयद्रथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• कृत्वा: having made/done
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (absolutive/gerund)

• रक्षाम्: protection/guard
• रक्षाम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रक्षा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• महारथः: the great chariot-warrior
• महारथः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महारथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Jayadratha
• vyūha
• mahāratha

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical tension in war: martial excellence is shown not only by personal valor but by strategic responsibility—creating defenses and protecting an ally. It reflects kṣatriya-dharma as skillful action (strategy, formation) directed toward one’s pledged objective (guarding Jayadratha), even amid lethal conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya describes a key tactical moment: a great warrior organizes an impenetrable formation, defeats prominent fighters, and then sets up a protective cordon around Jayadratha so that he remains shielded during the battle.