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Shloka 23

तत्‌ सागरमिवोद्धूतं रजसा संवृतं बलम्‌

tat sāgaram ivoddhūtaṁ rajasā saṁvṛtaṁ balam

Sañjaya nói: Đạo quân ấy cuộn lên như biển cả bị khuấy động, lại bị mây bụi che phủ; nó dâng trào trong hỗn loạn—một hình ảnh về sự mù lòa đạo lý của chiến tranh, khi sức mạnh thuần túy và cơn rối ren nhất thời che khuất sự phân minh về chính đạo.

तत्that (army/force)
तत्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सागरम्ocean
सागरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसागर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इवlike/as
इव:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
उद्धूतम्stirred up, agitated
उद्धूतम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउद्-√धू (धातु) → उद्धूत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, क्त)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
रजसाby dust
रजसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
संवृतम्covered, enveloped
संवृतम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-√वृ (धातु) → संवृत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, क्त)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
बलम्army, force
बलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबल (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

संजय (Sañjaya)
बल (army/host)
सागर (ocean)
रजस् (dust)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how warfare generates turbulence and obscuration: like an ocean in upheaval, the army becomes a mass of agitated power, and dust hides clarity—suggesting that in violent conflict moral and practical discernment can be easily clouded.

Sanjaya reports to Dhritarashtra that the forces on the battlefield are in intense motion; the host is violently stirred and wrapped in dust, indicating a fierce clash and the confusion of close combat.