Shloka 22

Devanagari script

धार्तराष्ट्रमुदग्रं हि व्यूढं दृष्टया महद्‌ बलम्‌

Transliteration

dhārtarāṣṭram udagraṃ hi vyūḍhaṃ dṛṣṭvā mahad balam

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Thấy đạo quân Dhārtarāṣṭra đã bày thành trận thế dữ dội, đáng sợ—một lực lượng mênh mông—(ông thuật lại những điều xảy ra tiếp theo).

Word by Word

• धार्तराष्ट्रम्: the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra / Duryodhana (as object)
• धार्तराष्ट्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धार्तराष्ट्र
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• उदग्रम्: lofty, eminent, formidable
• उदग्रम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उदग्र
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• हि: indeed, for
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• व्यूढम्: arrayed, drawn up (in battle formation)
• व्यूढम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: व्यूढ
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund)

• महत्: great
• महत्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• बलम्: army, force
• बलम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: बल
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by dhārtarāṣṭram)
• Kaurava army (Dhārtarāṣṭra host)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how the sheer scale and aggressive organization of power can shape perception and decision-making in war; it sets an ethical backdrop where intimidation and might are contrasted with steadiness and discernment in the face of overwhelming force.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya describes a moment on the battlefield: the Kaurava (Dhārtarāṣṭra) forces are seen arranged in a fierce formation, presented as a massive army, preparing the listener for the ensuing reactions and actions in the battle episode.