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Shloka 21

एवमुक्त: प्रत्युवाच विजयो भरतर्षभ । सत्येन ते शपे राजन्‌ प्रसादेन तथैव च । भीमेन च नरश्रेष्ठ यमा भ्यां च महीपते

evam uktaḥ pratyuvāca vijayo bharatarṣabha | satyena te śape rājan prasādena tathaiva ca | bhīmena ca naraśreṣṭha yamābhyāṃ ca mahīpate ||

Sañjaya nói: Được nói như vậy, Vijaya (Arjuna) đáp lời: “Tâu Đại vương, hỡi bậc trụ cột của dòng Bharata! Ta thề với ngài bằng chính Chân lý, và cũng bằng ân huệ từ bi của ngài. Ta còn thề bằng Bhīma, và bằng hai người con song sinh của Yama (Nakula và Sahadeva), hỡi chúa tể cõi đất. Chạm tay vào cây cung làm chứng cho lời nguyện, ta tuyên bố bằng sự thật: hôm nay trong trận chiến, hoặc ta sẽ giết Karṇa, hoặc chính ta bị giết và ngã xuống mặt đất.”

एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
उक्तःhaving been spoken to / addressed
उक्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formक्त, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रत्युवाचreplied
प्रत्युवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
विजयःVijaya (Arjuna)
विजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत-ऋषभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सत्येनby truth
सत्येन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
तेof you / your
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular, 2nd
शपेI swear
शपे:
TypeVerb
Rootशप्
FormPresent (Laṭ), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्रसादेनby (your) favor/grace
प्रसादेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रसाद
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
तथाso, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भीमेनby Bhima
भीमेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभीम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नरश्रेष्ठO best of men
नरश्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootनर-श्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यमाभ्याम्by the two Yamas (Nakula and Sahadeva, sons of the Aśvins in epic usage; here 'Yama-twins' as a dual epithet)
यमाभ्याम्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootयम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Dual
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
महीपतेO lord of the earth (king)
महीपते:
TypeNoun
Rootमही-पति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
Arjuna (Vijaya)
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied addressee: rājan/mahīpate in Sañjaya’s narration)
B
Bhīma
N
Nakula
S
Sahadeva
Y
Yama
K
Karṇa
B
bow (Arjuna’s dhanus)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical weight of a kṣatriya’s vow: truth (satya) is treated as a sacred witness, and one’s word—sealed by revered persons and by one’s weapon—must be upheld even at the cost of life. It frames resolve and accountability as central to righteous conduct in war.

In Sañjaya’s report to the king, Arjuna responds to a challenge or provocation by taking a solemn oath. He swears by truth, by the king’s favor, and by his brothers (Bhīma and the twins), touches his bow to sanctify the pledge, and declares that he will either kill Karṇa that day or die in the attempt.