Shloka 2

कर्णनिधनवृत्तान्तनिवेदनम् | Reporting Karṇa’s Fall to Yudhiṣṭhira

Devanagari script

तस्य कोपं समुद्वीक्ष्य चित्तज्ञ: केशवस्तदा । उवाच किमिदं पार्थ गृहीतः खड्ग इत्युत,उस समय उनका क्रोध देखकर सबके मनकी बात जाननेवाले भगवान्‌ श्रीकृष्णने पूछा --'पार्थ! यह क्या? तुमने तलवार कैसे उठा ली?

Transliteration

tasya kopaṁ samudvīkṣya cittajñaḥ keśavas tadā | uvāca kim idaṁ pārtha gṛhītaḥ khaḍga ity uta ||

Translation

Thấy cơn giận của chàng bốc lên, Keśava—đấng thấu rõ mọi chuyển động của tâm—lập tức nói: “Pārtha, chuyện gì thế này? Vì sao ngươi rút gươm?” Câu hỏi ấy như một lời ngăn giữ đạo lý trước cơn thịnh nộ bốc đồng giữa chiến tranh, nhắc người chiến binh rằng ngay cả khi giao tranh chính đáng, vẫn phải được dẫn dắt bởi tự chế và mục đích đúng đắn.

Word by Word

• तस्य: of him/that (person)
• तस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• कोपम्: anger
• कोपम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोप
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• समुद्वीक्ष्य: having observed/seeing
• समुद्वीक्ष्य: Kriya-vishesana
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-उद्-ईक्ष्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite

• चित्तज्ञः: knower of minds
• चित्तज्ञः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चित्तज्ञ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• केशवः: Keshava (Krishna)
• केशवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: केशव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तदा: then
• तदा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: लिट् (perfect), Perfect (past narrative), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• किम्: what?
• किम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• पार्थ: O Partha (Arjuna)
• पार्थ: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थ
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• गृहीतः: taken/held
• गृहीतः: Kriya (predicate-participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ग्रह्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive (PPP)

• खड्गः: sword
• खड्गः: Karta (of passive construction)
• Type: Noun
• Root: खड्ग
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• इति: thus
• इति: Vacana-parisamapti
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति

• उत: indeed/then (emphatic particle)
• उत: Nipata
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: उत

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Keśava (Kṛṣṇa)
• Pārtha (Arjuna)
• khaḍga (sword)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even in a righteous war, anger must not become the driver of action. Kṛṣṇa’s immediate questioning functions as an ethical restraint: a warrior’s force should be guided by discernment and dharma, not by sudden wrath.

What is happening in the narrative?

Arjuna is seen in a state of anger and has taken up a sword. Kṛṣṇa, described as a knower of minds, notices this inner agitation and asks Arjuna why he has drawn the sword, signaling concern about an impulsive or improper act.