Shloka 3

अध्याय ६० — कर्णस्य पाञ्चाल-सोमक-निग्रहः

Karna’s Suppression of the Panchala–Somaka Forces

Devanagari script

संजय उवाच (क्षयस्तेषां महाञ्जातो राजन दुर्मन्त्रिते तव ।।

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | kṣayas teṣāṁ mahān jāto rājan durmantrite tava || dṛṣṭvā bhīmaṁ mahābāhuṁ sūtaputraḥ pratāpavān | krodharakte kṣaṇo rājan bhīmasenam upādravat ||

Translation

Sañjaya nói: “Tâu Đại vương, vì lời mưu tính sai lầm của ngài mà tai họa lớn đã giáng xuống các Kaurava ấy. Thấy Bhīma tay lực phi thường, người con của kẻ đánh xe—dũng mãnh—mắt đỏ ngầu vì giận dữ, liền lao thẳng vào Bhīmasena.”

Word by Word

• संजयः: Sanjaya
• संजयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• क्षयः: destruction, loss
• क्षयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तेषाम्: of them
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• महान्: great
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• जातः: arisen, occurred
• Type: Verb
• Root: जन्
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• दुर्मन्त्रिते: in (your) ill-counsel, in the bad plan
• दुर्मन्त्रिते: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्मन्त्रित
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• तव: of you, your
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Genitive, Singular

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Absolutive (क्त्वा), Active

• भीमम्: Bhima
• भीमम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीम
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• महाबाहुम्: mighty-armed
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महाबाहु
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• सूतपुत्रः: the charioteer's son (Karna)
• सूतपुत्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूतपुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रतापवान्: valiant, powerful
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रतापवत्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• क्रोधरक्तेक्षणः: whose eyes were red with anger
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रोध-रक्त-ईक्षण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• भीमसेनम्: Bhimasena
• भीमसेनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीमसेन
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• उपाद्रवत्: ran up to, attacked
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-आ-द्रु
• Form: Imperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Dhritarashtra
• Kauravas
• Bhima
• Bhimasena
• Karna

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores moral responsibility in leadership: misguided counsel (durmantrita) leads to collective ruin (kṣaya). It also highlights how anger clouds judgment, driving warriors into destructive escalation.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya reports to Dhritarashtra that the Kauravas have suffered immense losses due to the king’s poor decisions. In the immediate battle scene, Karna, enraged upon seeing the powerful Bhima, charges to engage him.