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Shloka 40

कर्णपर्व — अध्याय ५७

Arjuna’s targeted advance; Śalya–Karṇa dialogue; interception attempts

परित्यज्य प्रियानन्ये बान्धवान्‌ बान्धवप्रिया: । व्युत्क्रान्ता: समदृश्यन्त तत्र तत्र महारणे

sañjaya uvāca | parityajya priyān anye bāndhavān bāndhavapriyāḥ | vyutkrāntāḥ samadṛśyanta tatra tatra mahāraṇe ||

Sañjaya nói: Trong trận chiến mênh mông và khủng khiếp ấy, có kẻ—dẫu một lòng gắn bó với thân tộc—vẫn bị thấy nằm bất động đây đó, vì đã bỏ lại những người ruột thịt yêu dấu. Cảnh tượng ấy phơi bày cách chiến tranh cắt đứt cả những mối dây tình thân bền chặt nhất, biến tình yêu gia tộc thành sầu thảm và bất lực giữa lúc sinh mệnh và bổn phận sụp đổ.

परित्यज्यhaving abandoned
परित्यज्य:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-त्यज्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
प्रियान्beloved ones
प्रियान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रिय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
बान्धवान्kinsmen/relatives
बान्धवान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबान्धव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
बान्धवप्रियाःfond of their kinsmen
बान्धवप्रियाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबान्धव-प्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
व्युत्क्रान्ताःdeparted (having died)
व्युत्क्रान्ताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि-उत्-क्रम्
Formक्त (past passive participle), कर्मणि (passive sense), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
समदृश्यन्तwere seen/appeared
समदृश्यन्त:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-दृश्
FormImperfect (लङ्), Ātmanepada, 3rd, Plural
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
तत्रthere (here and there)
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
महारणेin the great battle
महारणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमहा-रण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
M
mahāraṇa (the great battle of Kurukṣetra)
B
bāndhavāḥ (kinsmen/relatives)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the tragic cost of war: even those most attached to family ties cannot preserve them amid mass violence. Affection and kinship, normally sources of support, become powerless before death, highlighting impermanence and the ethical weight of choosing war.

Sañjaya describes the battlefield scene to the listener: many fighters who loved their relatives are now seen dead in various places, having left behind their dear kinsmen. It is a report of widespread casualties and the disintegration of family lines in the great combat.