Shloka 44
कर्णेन व्यूहविधानम् — Karṇa’s Battle Formation and the Pāṇḍava Counter-Plan
Adhyāya 31
तेभ्यो वर्णविशेषाश्व॒ प्रतिलोमानुलोमजा:
tebhyo varṇa-viśeṣāś ca pratilomānulomajāḥ
Từ đó lại phát sinh những phân loại xã hội khác nhau, sinh ra bởi những cuộc hôn phối vừa trái với trật tự varṇa, vừa thuận theo trật tự ấy.
शल्य उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse frames how society classifies people based on birth from unions deemed 'in-order' (anuloma) or 'against-order' (pratiloma), highlighting the ethical tension between rigid social norms and the complex realities of human relationships and lineage.
Śalya is speaking and describing the emergence of various social subgroups (varṇa-viśeṣa) as consequences of different kinds of inter-varṇa unions, using this as part of a broader argumentative discourse in the Karṇa Parva.