Shloka 9

कर्णस्य दानप्रतिज्ञा–शल्योपदेश–वाक्ययुद्धम्

Karna’s Gift-Vows, Shalya’s Counsel, and the Battle of Words

Devanagari script

अथ पाण्डुसुता: सर्वे परिवार्य युधिष्ठिरम्‌

Transliteration

atha pāṇḍusutāḥ sarve parivārya yudhiṣṭhiram

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Rồi tất cả các con trai của Pāṇḍu tụ lại quanh Yudhiṣṭhira, khép vòng bảo vệ trong tình huynh đệ đồng lòng—một hình ảnh của bổn phận anh em giữa sức nặng đạo lý của chiến tranh.

Word by Word

• अथ: then/thereupon
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ

• पाण्डुसुताः: the sons of Pandu
• पाण्डुसुताः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डुसुत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• परिवार्य: having surrounded/encircled
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि + √वृ (वृञ् वरणे/वृत्तौ)
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)

• युधिष्ठिरम्: Yudhishthira
• युधिष्ठिरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: युधिष्ठिर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Yudhiṣṭhira
• Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu)
• Pāṇḍu

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights collective responsibility around righteous leadership: in moments of danger and ethical pressure, those committed to dharma support and protect the one bearing the heaviest moral burden, reinforcing unity and duty over fear or self-interest.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that the Pāṇḍavas (Pāṇḍu’s sons) move in and surround Yudhiṣṭhira, forming a protective and supportive circle around their elder brother as the battle situation intensifies.