Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 23

कर्णस्य दानप्रतिज्ञा–शल्योपदेश–वाक्ययुद्धम्

Karna’s Gift-Vows, Shalya’s Counsel, and the Battle of Words

पादातैराहता नागा विवरेषु समन्ततः । चक्कुरार्तस्वरं घोरें दुद्र॒ुवुश्ष दिशो दश

pādātair āhatā nāgā vivareṣu samantataḥ | cakrur ārta-svaraṁ ghoraṁ dudruvuś ca diśo daśa ||

Sañjaya thưa: Bị bộ binh đánh từ mọi phía—nhất là nhằm vào những chỗ hở yếu—đàn voi rống lên tiếng kêu đau đớn ghê rợn rồi chạy trốn về cả mười phương. Cảnh ấy cho thấy trong cơn hỗn loạn của chiến tranh, ngay cả sức mạnh lớn lao cũng sụp đổ khi điểm yếu bị khoét trúng, và khổ đau lan tràn không chừa một ai trên chiến địa.

पादैःby foot-soldiers / with feet (i.e., by infantry)
पादैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपाद
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
तैःby them
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
आहताःstruck, wounded
आहताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआ-हन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
नागाःelephants
नागाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विवरेषुin gaps/holes/defiles
विवरेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविवर
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
समन्ततःon all sides, all around
समन्ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमन्ततः
चक्रुःthey made/uttered
चक्रुः:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
आर्तस्वरम्a distressed cry
आर्तस्वरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआर्तस्वर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
घोरम्terrible
घोरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootघोर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दुद्रुवुःthey ran
दुद्रुवुः:
TypeVerb
Rootद्रु
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
दिशःdirections
दिशः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदिश्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
दशten
दश:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदशन्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
I
infantry (pādāta)
W
war-elephants (nāga)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the harsh reality of war: strength is undone when vulnerabilities are targeted, and the consequences—fear, pain, and disorder—affect all beings, not only the principal warriors. It implicitly cautions against glorifying battle by foregrounding suffering and panic.

During the fighting, infantrymen find openings and strike the elephants from all sides. The elephants, overwhelmed and wounded, emit terrible cries of distress and scatter, fleeing in every direction across the battlefield.