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Shloka 21

कर्णस्य दानप्रतिज्ञा–शल्योपदेश–वाक्ययुद्धम्

Karna’s Gift-Vows, Shalya’s Counsel, and the Battle of Words

विद्राव्य च बहूनश्वान्‌ नागा राजन्‌ मदोत्कटा: । विषाणैश्वापरे जघ्नुर्ममृदुश्चापरे भूशम्‌,राजन! कितने ही मदोन्मत्त हाथी भी बहुत-से घोड़ोंको खदेड़कर उन्हें दाँतोंसे दबाकर मार डालते अथवा वेगपूर्वक पैरोंसे कुचल डालते थे

vidrāvya ca bahūn aśvān nāgā rājan madotkaṭāḥ | viṣāṇaiś cāpare jaghnur mamṛduś cāpare bhūśam ||

Sañjaya thưa: Tâu Đại vương, nhiều chiến tượng đang vào kỳ động dục, cuồng nộ vì men say, đã xua tan vô số ngựa; có con giết bằng cách húc, kẹp nghiền bằng ngà, có con khác giẫm nát dưới chân với sức lao như bão. Cảnh ấy cho thấy đà tàn khốc của chiến tranh: sức mạnh và cơn cuồng loạn lấn át sinh linh, biến chiến địa thành nơi muôn loài bị dồn vào bạo lực vượt khỏi mọi lựa chọn đạo lý.

विद्राव्यhaving driven away / after chasing
विद्राव्य:
TypeVerb
Rootवि+द्रु (धातु)
Formल्यप् (क्त्वान्त/absolutive), कर्तरि
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
बहून्many
बहून्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अश्वान्horses
अश्वान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
नागाःelephants
नागाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
मदोत्कटाःfierce with rut / intoxicated with musth
मदोत्कटाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमद-उत्कट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विषाणैःwith tusks
विषाणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविषाण
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपरेothers
अपरे:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जघ्नुःslew / killed
जघ्नुः:
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
ममृदुःcrushed / trampled
ममृदुः:
TypeVerb
Rootमृद् (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपरेothers
अपरे:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भूशम्greatly / violently / exceedingly
भूशम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभूशम्

संजय उवाच

संजय (Sañjaya)
राजन् (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, addressed as King)
नागाः (elephants)
अश्वाः (horses)
विषाण (tusks)

Educational Q&A

The verse is primarily descriptive, yet it implicitly highlights the dehumanizing and indiscriminate nature of war: even animals, driven by rut and battlefield chaos, become instruments of mass harm. It invites reflection on the ethical cost of conflict, where life is crushed by forces of frenzy and power rather than guided by dharma.

Sañjaya reports to the king that elephants, maddened with rut, are routing cavalry. Some kill horses by pressing and goring with their tusks; others trample them into the ground as they surge forward, intensifying the carnage on the battlefield.