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Shloka 40

Karṇa-parva Adhyāya 20 — Yudhiṣṭhira–Duryodhana Encounter and Escalation of Arms

रूपाण्यत्यर्थकान्तानि द्विरदाश्वनृणां नृप समुन्नानीव वस्त्राणि ययुर्दुर्दर्शतां पराम्‌

sañjaya uvāca | rūpāṇy atyarthakāntāni dviradāśvanṛṇāṁ nṛpa samunnānīva vastrāṇi yayur durdarśatāṁ parām |

Sañjaya thưa: Tâu Đại vương, những hình dáng vốn đẹp tuyệt của voi, ngựa và người, bấy giờ như những tấm áo bị bùn lầy bôi nhọ—ghê tởm và khó mà nhìn thẳng. Giữa cảnh tàn sát, điều từng rực rỡ cũng hóa thành thứ gần như không chịu nổi khi trông thấy, phơi bày sức mạnh của chiến tranh: nó có thể lột sạch phẩm giá và vẻ đẹp khỏi mọi sinh linh.

रूपाणिforms/appearances
रूपाणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरूप
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
अत्यर्थकान्तानिexceedingly beautiful
अत्यर्थकान्तानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअत्यर्थकान्त
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
द्विरदof elephants
द्विरद:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootद्विरद
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अश्वof horses
अश्व:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
नृणाम्of men
नृणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
नृपO king
नृप:
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
समुन्नानिsmeared/daubed (with mud)
समुन्नानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-उत्-नह्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
इवlike/as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
वस्त्राणिgarments
वस्त्राणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवस्त्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
ययुःbecame/went (into a state)
ययुः:
TypeVerb
Rootया
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
दुर्दर्शताम्hard-to-look-at state/ugliness
दुर्दर्शताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्दर्शता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
पराम्supreme/utter
पराम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
King (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, implied addressee)
E
elephants
H
horses
M
men
M
mud-smeared garments (simile)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the dehumanizing and defiling nature of war: even the most splendid beings and forms lose their beauty and become repulsive. It implicitly warns that violence obscures dignity and makes what is naturally admirable difficult to behold, inviting ethical reflection on the cost of conflict.

Sañjaya describes the battlefield to the king: elephants, horses, and warriors—once impressive in appearance—are now soiled and disfigured amid mud and gore, like clothes smeared with filth, making the scene extremely hard to look at.