Shloka 11

Adhyāya 10: Śrutakarmā’s Engagements; Prativindhya–Citra Duel; Drauṇi Advances toward Bhīma

Devanagari script

तेषां निशाम्येज्,ितानि युद्धे प्राणाउ्जुहूषताम्‌ समुद्वीक्ष्य मुखं राज्ञो बालार्कसमवर्चसम्‌

Transliteration

teṣāṁ niśāmyejitāni yuddhe prāṇān juhūṣatām | samudvīkṣya mukhaṁ rājño bālārka-samavarcasam ||

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Thấy những chiến sĩ ấy—trong trận mạc như đang hiến dâng chính mạng sống mình—và nhìn gương mặt nhà vua rạng ngời như mặt trời mới mọc, ông cất lời với sự nghiêm trọng xứng hợp với khoảnh khắc ấy.

Word by Word

• तेषाम्: of them
• तेषाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: masculine/neuter, genitive, plural

• निशाम्य: having observed
• निशाम्य: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-शम् (निशामयति)
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), active, non-finite

• ईजितानि: gestures/movements (lit. 'acts/efforts')
• ईजितानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईजित (from √यज्)
• Form: neuter, accusative, plural

• युद्धे: in battle
• युद्धे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: युद्ध
• Form: neuter, locative, singular

• प्राणान्: lives/breaths
• प्राणान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्राण
• Form: masculine, accusative, plural

• जुहूषताम्: of those eager to offer up (their lives)
• जुहूषताम्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हु (जुहोति) / desiderative stem जुहूष-
• Form: present (desiderative base), third, plural, parasmaipada, genitive plural participial/finite usage in epic; understood as 'of those wishing to offer/sacrifice (their lives)'

• समुद्वीक्ष्य: having looked at / having beheld
• समुद्वीक्ष्य: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-उद्-√ईक्ष्
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), active, non-finite

• मुखम्: face
• मुखम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुख
• Form: neuter, accusative, singular

• राज्ञः: of the king
• राज्ञः: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: masculine, genitive, singular

• बालार्क-सम-वर्चसम्: having a radiance like the young sun
• बालार्क-सम-वर्चसम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बालार्क + सम + वर्चस्
• Form: neuter, accusative, singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• the king (rājā; contextually Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
• warriors/combatants

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse casts the battlefield in sacrificial imagery—fighters ‘offer’ their lives—highlighting the grave ethical cost of war and the responsibility of rulers and witnesses to face that reality with clarity and restraint.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports what he sees: intense battle where men are giving up their lives, and he notes the king’s radiant, resolute expression, setting the emotional and moral tone for the account that follows.