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Shloka 22

कर्णसेनापत्यारम्भः — Karṇa’s Appointment and the Report to Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Chapter 1

तथा शान्तनवं वृद्ध ब्रह्मन्‌ बाह्लीकमेव च । द्रोणं च सोमदत्तं च भूरिश्रवसमेव च,ब्रह्मन! उन्होंने वृद्ध शान्तनुनन्दन भीष्म, बाह्नीक, द्रोण, सोमदत्त तथा भूरिश्रवाको और अन्यान्य सुहृदों, पुत्रों एवं पौत्रोंको भी शत्रुओंद्वारा मारा गया सुनकर भी जो अपने प्राण नहीं छोड़े, उससे मुझे यही मालूम होता है कि मनुष्यके लिये स्वेच्छापूर्वक मरना बहुत कठिन है

tathā śāntanavaṁ vṛddha brahman bāhlīkam eva ca | droṇaṁ ca somadattaṁ ca bhūriśravasam eva ca ||

Janamejaya nói: “Bạch vị Bà-la-môn đáng kính, ta cũng đã nghe về bậc lão niên Śāntanava (Bhīṣma), về Bāhlīka, lại cả Droṇa, Somadatta và Bhūriśravas. Dẫu biết rằng những người ấy cùng bao thân hữu khác—con trai và cháu nội—đều bị kẻ thù sát hại, ông vẫn không lìa bỏ mạng sống. Từ đó ta thấy rằng, đối với con người, chết theo ý mình—cố ý buông bỏ sinh mệnh—thật là vô cùng khó.”

तथाthus; likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
शान्तनवम्the descendant/son of Śantanu (Bhīṣma)
शान्तनवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशान्तनव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वृद्धम्aged; elder
वृद्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ब्रह्मन्O brāhmaṇa; O sage
ब्रह्मन्:
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
बाह्लीकम्Bāhlīka (a king/warrior)
बाह्लीकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबाह्लीक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
द्रोणम्Droṇa
द्रोणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सोमदत्तम्Somadatta
सोमदत्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसोमदत्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भूरिश्रवसम्Bhūriśravas
भूरिश्रवसम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभूरिश्रवस्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

जनमेजय उवाच

J
Janamejaya
B
Bhīṣma (Śāntanava)
B
Bāhlīka
D
Droṇa
S
Somadatta
B
Bhūriśravas
B
Brahmin (addressed interlocutor, i.e., Vaiśaṃpāyana in the frame narrative)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a moral-psychological insight: even amid overwhelming bereavement, relinquishing life by sheer will is not easy. Human beings are bound by attachment, duty, and the momentum of life (prāṇa), so ‘voluntary death’ is portrayed as exceptionally difficult.

In the frame dialogue, Janamejaya addresses the Brahmin narrator and lists major elders and warriors—Bhīṣma, Bāhlīka, Droṇa, Somadatta, and Bhūriśravas—who were slain. He reflects that despite hearing of such losses (of friends, sons, and grandsons), the person in question did not give up his life, prompting Janamejaya’s observation about the difficulty of dying by choice.