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Mahabharata 7.148.91Drona Parva, Adhyaya 148, Shloka 91

अध्याय १४८ — कर्णप्रभावः, धृष्टद्युम्नस्य विरथता, तथा घटोत्कच-आह्वानम्

Chapter 148: Karṇa’s Pressure, Dhṛṣṭadyumna Unhorsed, and the Summoning of Ghaṭotkaca

हयाश्न पतितारोहा: पत्तयश्न नराधिप । प्रदुद्रुवर्भयाद्‌ राजन्‌ धनंजयशराहता:,नरेश्वर! राजन! घुड़सवार गिर गये थे और घोड़े एवं पैदल सैनिक धनंजयके बाणोंसे अत्यन्त घायल हो भयके मारे भागे जा रहे थे

hayāś ca patitārohāḥ pattayaś ca narādhipa | pradudruvur bhayād rājan dhanañjaya-śarāhatāḥ ||

Sañjaya nói: Tâu bậc chúa tể loài người, tâu Đại vương—kỵ binh bị hất khỏi yên, còn ngựa và bộ binh, bị tên của Dhanañjaya làm trọng thương, đều hoảng sợ mà tháo chạy. Cảnh ấy cho thấy: tài nghệ vượt trội nơi chiến trận có thể đập tan nhuệ khí, biến dũng khí thành kinh hoàng khi sinh mạng bị đe dọa và đội hình vỡ nát.

हयाश्चhorses (too)
हयाश्च:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पतितारोहाःfallen riders (those who had fallen from their mounts)
पतितारोहाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपतितारोह (पतित + आरोह)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पत्तयःfoot-soldiers
पत्तयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपत्ति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नराधिपO lord of men (king)
नराधिप:
TypeNoun
Rootनराधिप (नर + अधिप)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्रदुद्रुवुःthey ran away / fled
प्रदुद्रुवुः:
TypeVerb
Rootद्रु (धावने)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural
भयात्from fear / out of fear
भयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
धनंजयशराहताःstruck by Dhanañjaya’s arrows
धनंजयशराहताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधनंजय-शर-आहत (धनंजय + शर + आहत)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
D
Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)
K
King (Dhritarashtra, implied addressee)
H
horses
H
horsemen
F
foot-soldiers
A
arrows

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a recurring ethical reality of war: when violence escalates and casualties mount, fear can overwhelm discipline, causing even trained troops to flee. It implicitly contrasts steadfast kshatriya resolve with the human tendency to panic under extreme threat.

Sanjaya reports to the king that Arjuna’s arrows have inflicted heavy damage; riders have fallen, and both horses and infantry, badly wounded, are running away in fear—indicating a breakdown of the opposing force’s cohesion.

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