Shloka 49

Devanagari script

दारयन्‌ बहुधा सैन्यं रणे चरति कालवत्‌ | यत्रैष शब्दस्तुमुलस्तत्र सूत रथं नय

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | dārayan bahudhā sainyaṃ raṇe carati kālavat | yatraiṣa śabdas tumulas tatra sūta rathaṃ naya |

Translation

Sañjaya nói: “Xé toạc quân trận hết lần này đến lần khác, chàng tung hoành giữa chiến địa như chính Thần Chết. Hỡi người đánh xe, hãy đưa chiến xa đến nơi tiếng gầm náo động ấy đang dậy lên.”

Word by Word

• {'sañjaya uvāca': 'Sanjaya said', 'dārayan': 'rending, tearing apart, splitting', 'bahudhā': 'in many ways

• again and again', 'sainyam': 'army, host of troops', 'raṇe': 'in battle', 'carati': 'moves, roams, acts', 'kālavat': 'like Kāla (Time/Death), deathlike', 'yatra': 'where', 'eṣaḥ': 'this (person/one here)', 'śabdaḥ': 'sound, cry, roar', 'tumulaḥ': 'tumultuous, thunderous, uproarious', 'tatra': 'there, to that place', 'sūta': 'charioteer (also: one of the sūta class)', 'ratham': 'chariot', 'naya': 'lead, drive (imperative)'}

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Suta (charioteer)
• Ratha (chariot)
• Kāla (Time/Death)
• battlefield
• army (Kaurava host implied)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the battlefield ethic of kṣatriya duty: decisive action in response to threat. It also uses Kāla (Death/Time) imagery to underscore how war reduces human agency before overwhelming force and fate.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya describes a warrior rampaging through the opposing ranks, producing a terrifying uproar. A commander addresses his charioteer, ordering him to drive toward the source of that tumult to confront the threat directly.