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Mahabharata — Drona Parva, Shloka 23

Droṇa-parva Adhyāya 107: Karṇa–Bhīma Saṃmarda

Arrow-storm Engagement

ध्वज: सूर्य इवाभाति सोमश्नात्र प्रदृश्यते । सदा यज्ञमें लगे रहनेवाले बुद्धिमान्‌ भूरिश्रवाके रथमें यूपका चिह्न बना था। वह ध्वज सूर्यके समान प्रकाशित होता था और उसमें चन्द्रमाका चिह्न भी दृष्टिगोचर होता था ।।

dhvajaḥ sūrya ivābhāti somaśnāttra pradṛśyate | sadā yajñameṃ lage rahanevāle buddhimān bhūriśravāke rathameṃ yūpakā cihna banā thā | vaha dhvaja sūryake samāna prakāśita hotā thā aura usameṃ candramākā cihna bhī dṛṣṭigocara hotā thā || sa yūpaḥ kāñcano rājan saumadatte virājate ||

Sañjaya nói: “Lá cờ ấy chói như mặt trời, và trên đó cũng thấy rõ huy hiệu mặt trăng. Trên chiến xa của Bhūriśravā—bậc trí giả luôn chuyên cần các nghi lễ tế tự—có đặt dấu hiệu của một yūpa (cột tế). Cột yūpa ấy, hỡi đại vương, bằng vàng, rực rỡ trên xe của Saumadatta—kết nối căn tính của người chiến binh nơi chiến địa với uy danh và kỷ luật của nghi lễ Veda.”

ध्वजःbanner, standard
ध्वजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootध्वज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सूर्यःthe sun
सूर्यः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
अभातिshines, appears radiant
अभाति:
TypeVerb
Rootभा
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सोम-श्नात्रम्a moon-mark/ornament (moon-emblem)
सोम-श्नात्रम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसोमश्नात्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्रदृश्यतेis seen, becomes visible
प्रदृश्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada (passive sense)
सःthat, he/it
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यूपःsacrificial post (yūpa)
यूपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयूप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
काञ्चनःgolden
काञ्चनः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकाञ्चन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सौमदत्तेin/for the son of Somadatta (Bhūriśravas)
सौमदत्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसौमदत्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
विराजतेshines splendidly
विराजते:
TypeVerb
Rootराज्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
B
Bhūriśravā
S
Saumadatta
D
dhvaja (banner)
S
sūrya (sun)
S
soma/candra (moon)
Y
yūpa (sacrificial post)
R
ratha (chariot)

Educational Q&A

Even amid warfare, a warrior’s public symbols (like a banner) are used to project identity and values. Here the yūpa emblem ties Bhūriśravā’s fame to Vedic discipline and sacrificial culture, suggesting that social honor in the epic is often grounded in perceived dharma—ritual merit, lineage, and self-control—alongside martial prowess.

Sañjaya describes to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra the appearance of Bhūriśravā’s chariot-banner: it shines like the sun, bears a moon emblem, and prominently displays a golden yūpa (sacrificial post) sign, highlighting the warrior’s distinguished presence on the battlefield.