Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 19

अभिमन्यु–अलम्बुसयुद्धम् / The Duel of Abhimanyu and Alambusa

with Arjuna’s approach to Bhīṣma

स गाढविद्धो व्यथितो वयोवृद्धश्च भारत । प्रणष्टसंज्ञ: सहसा रथोपस्थ उपाविशत्‌,भरतनन्दन! उन बाणोंसे उन्हें गहरा आघात लगा। वे वयोवृद्ध तो थे ही, सहसा व्यथित एवं अचेत होकर रथके पिछले भागमें बैठ गये

sa gāḍhaviddho vyathito vayovṛddhaś ca bhārata | praṇaṣṭasaṃjñaḥ sahasā rathopasthe upāviśat ||

Sañjaya nói: Bị những mũi tên ấy đâm sâu, lại vốn đã cao tuổi, ông bỗng đau đớn đến choáng váng và mất ý thức; ông gục xuống, ngồi ở phần sau của chiến xa. Cảnh ấy cho thấy trong chiến tranh, ngay cả bậc hùng mạnh cũng bị ràng buộc bởi sự mong manh của thân xác và hậu quả khắc nghiệt của bạo lực.

सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गाढ-विद्धःdeeply pierced/wounded
गाढ-विद्धः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगाढ (adj) + √व्यध् (विध्) (to pierce)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
व्यथितःpained, distressed
व्यथितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Root√व्यथ् (to be pained) / व्यथित (ppp)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वयो-वृद्धःadvanced in age, aged
वयो-वृद्धः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवयस् + वृद्ध (ppp/adj)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun (proper/vocative)
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्रणष्ट-संज्ञःhaving lost consciousness
प्रणष्ट-संज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रणष्ट (ppp of √नश्, to perish) + संज्ञा
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सहसाsuddenly
सहसा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहसा
रथ-उपस्थेon/in the seat (rear/space) of the chariot
रथ-उपस्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ + उपस्थ
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
उपाविशत्sat down
उपाविशत्:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-आ-√विश् (to sit)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhārata (Dhṛtarāṣṭra as addressee)
R
ratha (chariot)
B
bāṇa (arrows, implied by context)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the inevitability of bodily vulnerability and suffering in warfare: age and physical limits can overwhelm even a warrior, reminding the listener that violence carries immediate human costs and that strength is not absolute.

Sañjaya reports that a warrior, grievously pierced by arrows and being elderly, is suddenly overcome by pain, loses consciousness, and collapses into a seated position on the rear/seat area of the chariot.