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Shloka 31

Adhyāya 92: Irāvanta-śoka, punaḥ-pravṛttiḥ saṅgrāmasya

Arjuna’s grief and the battle’s renewed intensity

छिन्नहस्ता महानागाश्शकछिन्नगात्राश्ष मारिष । क्रौज्चवद्‌ व्यनदन्‌ भीता: पृथिवीमधिशेरते

chinnahastā mahānāgāḥ śakacchinnagātrāś ca māriṣa | krauñcavad vyanadan bhītāḥ pṛthivīm adhiśerate ||

Sañjaya nói: “Thưa bậc đáng kính, những con voi lớn—con thì bị chém đứt vòi (hoặc chi trước), con thì bị vũ khí chặt lìa tay chân—đều kinh hãi kêu thét như chim krauñca rồi gục ngã xuống đất. Cảnh ấy cho thấy đà tàn nhẫn của chiến tranh: đến loài mạnh mẽ nhất cũng chìm trong đau đớn, làm nổi bật gánh nặng đạo lý của bạo lực và cái giá bi thảm của binh đao.”

छिन्नहस्ताःhaving severed hands (trunks/forelimbs)
छिन्नहस्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootछिन्नहस्त (हस्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
महानागाःgreat elephants
महानागाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहानाग (नाग)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शकछिन्नगात्राःwhose limbs were cut by spears/darts
शकछिन्नगात्राः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशकछिन्नगात्र (गात्र)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मारिषO dear sir (address)
मारिष:
TypeNoun
Rootमारिष
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
क्रौञ्चवत्like a krauñca bird
क्रौञ्चवत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्रौञ्चवत्
व्यनदन्they cried out / roared
व्यनदन्:
TypeVerb
Rootनद्
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Plural
भीताःfrightened
भीताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभीत (भी)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पृथिवीम्the earth/ground
पृथिवीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अधिशेरतेthey lay upon / lay down on
अधिशेरते:
TypeVerb
Rootशी (शे)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Plural, Ātmanepada
आर्यO noble one (address)
आर्य:
TypeNoun
Rootआर्य
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
E
elephants (mahānāgāḥ)
K
krauñca bird (krauñca)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the immense suffering produced by war: even powerful beings like elephants are terrified and broken. It implicitly invites reflection on the ethical gravity of violence and the human responsibility to weigh dharma against the catastrophic costs of conflict.

Sañjaya describes the battlefield where elephants, mutilated by weapon strikes and with limbs severed, cry out like krauñca birds and collapse to the ground, emphasizing the chaos and horror of the fighting.