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Shloka 13

Adhyāya 92: Irāvanta-śoka, punaḥ-pravṛttiḥ saṅgrāmasya

Arjuna’s grief and the battle’s renewed intensity

तदेतत्‌ समनुप्राप्तं पूर्वमेव विशाम्पते । तस्मात्‌ त्वं शृणु तत्त्वेन यथा युद्धमवर्तत,प्रजापालक नरेश! यह सब तो पहलेसे ही प्राप्त है। अब आप जिस प्रकार युद्ध हुआ, उसका यथावत्‌ समाचार सुनिये

tad etat samanuprāptaṃ pūrvam eva viśāmpate | tasmāt tvaṃ śṛṇu tattvena yathā yuddham avartata ||

Sañjaya nói: “Ôi bậc chúa tể của muôn dân, kết cục này vốn đã thành hình từ trước. Vậy xin hãy lắng nghe chăm chú và đúng sự thật khi ta thuật lại cuộc chiến đã diễn ra như thế nào.”

तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
समनुप्राप्तम्has been attained/has come about
समनुप्राप्तम्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्+अनु+प्राप्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
पूर्वम्formerly, earlier
पूर्वम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
विशाम्of the people/subjects
विशाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootविश्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
पतेO lord
पते:
TypeNoun
Rootपति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore, from that reason
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (तद्-प्रातिपदिक)
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
शृणुhear, listen
शृणु:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
तत्त्वेनin truth, accurately
तत्त्वेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतत्त्व
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
यथाhow, in what manner
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
युद्धम्the battle
युद्धम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अवर्ततtook place, occurred
अवर्तत:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormImperfect (लङ्), Third, Singular, Atmanepada
प्रजापालकO protector of subjects
प्रजापालक:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा+पालक
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
नरेशO king (lord of men)
नरेश:
TypeNoun
Rootनर+ईश
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by viśāmpate)

Educational Q&A

The verse emphasizes truthful reporting and the sense of inevitability in great events: Sañjaya frames the war’s course as something already set in motion, and commits to narrating it ‘tattvena’—accurately and without distortion.

Sañjaya addresses the king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) and transitions into a factual account of the battle, signaling that he will now describe, in proper sequence and truthfully, how the fighting proceeded.