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Shloka 166

धृतराष्ट्र-संजय-संवादः — इरावान्-आवन्त्ययोः युद्धम्, घटोत्कच-भगदत्त-संघर्षः, मद्रेश्वर-विक्षेपः

Dhṛtarāṣṭra–Sañjaya Dialogue: Irāvān vs the Avanti princes; Ghaṭotkaca vs Bhagadatta; Śalya checked by the Mādrī twins

अपारमिव गर्जन्तं सागरप्रतिमं महत्‌ । ध्वज और आभूषणोंसे भरी हुई यह सेना रत्नजटित पताकाओंसे व्याप्त है। दौड़ते हुए घोड़ोंसे जो इस सेनाका चंचल होना है

apāram iva garjantaṃ sāgara-pratimaṃ mahat |

Sañjaya thưa: “Nó gầm vang như vô tận—mênh mông và hùng vĩ, tựa chính biển cả. Đạo quân chật kín cờ xí và đồ trang sức, lại phủ khắp những kỳ hiệu nạm châu báu, trông như một đại dương đang chuyển động; làn sóng xao động do ngựa xông pha tạo nên, giống như mặt biển run rẩy dưới sức gió. Nhìn vào, tưởng chừng không thể đo lường, và tiếng ầm vang như sấm của nó không hề dứt.”

अपारम्boundless, immeasurable
अपारम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअपार
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इवas if, like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
गर्जन्तम्roaring
गर्जन्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootगर्ज्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Neuter, Accusative, Singular
सागर-प्रतिमम्ocean-like, comparable to the sea
सागर-प्रतिमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसागर-प्रतिम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
महत्great, huge
महत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
O
ocean (sāgara)
A
army (senā)
B
banners/standards (dhvaja)
F
flags/pennants (patākā)
J
jewels (ratna)
H
horses (aśva)
W
wind (vāyu)

Educational Q&A

The verse primarily conveys the overwhelming scale and momentum of war: a vast host can appear ‘boundless’ like the ocean, and its collective noise and movement create fear and awe. Ethically, it underscores how war magnifies human power into a force of nature—suggesting the need for steadiness, discernment, and responsibility when confronting mass violence.

Sanjaya is reporting to Dhritarashtra the sight and sound of the assembled/advancing army. He uses an ocean simile: jewel-studded banners spread like waves across a sea, and the pounding of running horses makes the host ‘tremble’ like the ocean shaken by strong winds, all while it continually roars.