Shloka 66

Daiva–Puruṣakāra Discourse and the Elephant-Corps Engagement (भीमगजानीक-सम्भ्रान्ति)

Devanagari script

अपरे चैनमालोक्य भयात्‌ पज्चत्वमागता: । एवं सा बहुला सेना कलिज्जानां तरस्विनाम्‌

Transliteration

apare cainam ālokya bhayāt pañcatvam āgatāḥ | evaṃ sā bahulā senā kaliñjānāṃ tarasvinām ||

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Có kẻ chỉ vừa trông thấy chàng đã bị nỗi sợ áp đảo đến mức bỏ mạng. Thế là đạo quân đông đảo của người Kaliṅga, vốn toàn những kẻ cường dũng, lâm vào cảnh ấy—sức mạnh của họ bị bẻ gãy bởi kinh hoàng trước một chiến sĩ đáng sợ duy nhất.

Word by Word

• अपरे: others
• अपरे: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एनम्: him
• एनम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आलोक्य: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + लोक्
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund)

• भयात्: from fear
• भयात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भय
• Form: Neuter, Ablative, Singular

• पञ्चत्वम्: the state of five-ness (death)
• पञ्चत्वम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पञ्चत्व
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• आगताः: having gone/come (reached)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + गम्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• एवम्: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम्

• सा: that
• सा: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• बहुला: numerous, abundant
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहुल
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• सेना: army
• सेना: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सेना
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• कलिज्जानाम्: of the Kaliṅgas (people/warriors)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कलिज्ज
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• तरस्विनाम्: of the mighty/impetuous
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तरस्विन्
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• the Kaliṅgas (Kaliṅga warriors/army)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how fear can collapse even a large and powerful force; inner steadiness and courage are decisive in dharmic and martial trials, while panic leads to ruin.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that, upon seeing a particular warrior (referred to as 'him'), some soldiers died from sheer terror, and the great contingent of the valiant Kaliṅgas was thrown into devastation.