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Shloka 121

गौरुडव्यूह-रचना तथा अर्धचन्द्र-प्रत्यव्यूह

Garuḍa Array and the Ardhacandra Counter-Formation

तावकानां परेषां च नर्दतां च मुहुर्मुहु: । पार्था विमनसो भूत्वा न्यवर्तन्त महारथा: । चिन्तयन्तो वध घोर द्वैरथेन परंतपा:

tāvakānāṁ pareṣāṁ ca nardatāṁ ca muhur muhuḥ | pārthā vimanaso bhūtvā nyavartanta mahārathāḥ | cintayanto vadhaṁ ghoraṁ dvairathena parantapāḥ ||

Sañjaya thưa: Khi quân của bệ hạ và quân phe đối địch cứ gầm vang hết lần này đến lần khác, các Pārtha—những đại xa chiến, kẻ thiêu đốt quân thù—bỗng trở nên u sầu. Nghĩ đến cuộc tàn sát ghê rợn do trận giao chiến xa-đối-xa ấy gây ra, họ quay lui, trở về doanh trại, lòng nặng trĩu vì cái giá đẫm máu của chiến cuộc.

तावकानाम्of your (people)
तावकानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootतावक
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
परेषाम्of the others/enemies
परेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नर्दताम्of (those) roaring
नर्दताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootनर्द्
FormPresent active participle, Masculine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मुहुःagain and again
मुहुः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमुहुः
मुहुःagain and again
मुहुः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमुहुः
पार्थाःthe sons of Pritha (Pandavas)
पार्थाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विमनसःdejected, dispirited
विमनसः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविमनस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भूत्वाhaving become
भूत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormAbsolutive (ktvā), Parasmaipada, Non-finite
न्यवर्तन्तthey turned back/returned
न्यवर्तन्त:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormImperfect, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
महारथाःgreat chariot-warriors
महारथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
चिन्तयन्तःthinking, reflecting
चिन्तयन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootचिन्त्
FormPresent active participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
वधम्slaughter, killing
वधम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
घोरम्terrible
घोरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootघोर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
द्वैरथेनby/through the chariot-duel
द्वैरथेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootद्वैरथ
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
परंतपाःfoe-scorchers
परंतपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपरंतप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'tāvakānām')
K
Kaurava army (tāvakāḥ)
O
Opposing army (pare)
P
Pārthas / Pāṇḍavas
M
Mahārathas
D
Dvairatha (chariot duel)

Educational Q&A

Even in a dharmic war, the narrative highlights the moral and psychological weight of violence: heroic duty does not erase the sorrow and anxiety that follow dreadful slaughter, and warriors may recoil inwardly when confronted with its cost.

Sañjaya reports that amid repeated battle-roars from both armies, the Pāṇḍava great chariot-warriors become dejected, reflect on the terrible killing caused by a chariot duel, and withdraw/return to their camp.