Shloka 109

गौरुडव्यूह-रचना तथा अर्धचन्द्र-प्रत्यव्यूह

Garuḍa Array and the Ardhacandra Counter-Formation

Devanagari script

सात्यकिं च शतेनाजौ भरतानां पितामह:

Transliteration

sātyakiṃ ca śatenājau bharatānāṃ pitāmahaḥ

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Và giữa cơn hỗn chiến, vị đại phụ của dòng Bharata đã đối đầu Sātyaki bằng một trăm (đòn thế), nhằm chặn bước tiến của chàng giữa cuộc giao tranh vừa chính nghĩa vừa tàn khốc của những người cùng huyết thống.

Word by Word

• सात्यकिम्: Sātyaki (as object)
• सात्यकिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सात्यकि
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• शतेन: with a hundred (men/warriors)
• शतेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• अजौ: in battle
• अजौ: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अज
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• भरतानाम्: of the Bharatas
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरत
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• पितामहः: the grandsire (Bhīṣma)
• पितामहः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितामह
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sātyaki (Yuyudhāna)
• Bhīṣma (pitāmaha of the Bharatas)
• Bharatas (Kuru lineage)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores the battlefield ethic of kṣatriya-duty: even revered elders like Bhīṣma act decisively to restrain formidable opponents, illustrating how obligation to one’s side and order (dharma as role-duty) operates amid tragic, kin-based war.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Bhīṣma, the Kuru grandsire, engages Sātyaki in the battle, doing so with a force of a hundred—indicating a concentrated effort to counter Sātyaki’s momentum on the field.