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Shloka 18

Chapter 19: Prativyūha of the Pāṇḍavas — Vajra (Acala) Formation and Dawn Omens

सम्प्रयातान्‌ कुरून्‌ दृष्टवा पाण्डवानां महाचमू: । गड़्जेव पूर्णा स्तिमिता स्पन्दमाना व्यदृश्यत

saṃprayātān kurūn dṛṣṭvā pāṇḍavānāṃ mahācamūḥ | gaṅgeva pūrṇā stimitā spandamānā vyadṛśyata ||

Sañjaya nói: Thấy quân Kuru tiến đến, đại quân của Pāṇḍava thoạt đầu dường như bất động—như sông Gaṅgā khi nước dâng đầy. Rồi dần dần, trong đó mới hiện ra những chuyển động. Hình ảnh ấy gợi sức mạnh bị kìm giữ: sự tĩnh lặng có kỷ luật trước khi hành động, và gánh nặng đạo lý của chiến tranh khi quyết tâm phải được giữ lại cho đúng thời khắc bổn phận.

सम्प्रयातान्having advanced / coming forward
सम्प्रयातान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्प्रयात (सम्+प्र+या, क्त)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
कुरून्the Kurus
कुरून्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
पाण्डवानाम्of the Pāṇḍavas
पाण्डवानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
महाचमूःthe great army
महाचमूः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहाचमू (महा+चमू)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
गङ्गाthe Gaṅgā (river)
गङ्गा:
TypeNoun
Rootगङ्गा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
पूर्णाfull
पूर्णा:
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्ण
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
स्तिमिताstill, motionless
स्तिमिता:
TypeAdjective
Rootस्तिमित
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
स्पन्दमानाtrembling, beginning to move
स्पन्दमाना:
TypeAdjective
Rootस्पन्दमान (स्पन्द्, शतृ/शानच्)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
व्यदृश्यतwas seen / appeared
व्यदृश्यत:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (वि+दृश्)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Kurus (Kauravas)
P
Pāṇḍavas
G
Gaṅgā (river)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights disciplined restraint before action: a force may appear still outwardly while holding immense potential within. In the ethical context of Kurukṣetra, it suggests that even in war, action should arise from controlled resolve and duty (dharma), not from uncontrolled agitation.

As the Kuru forces advance, Sañjaya observes the Pāṇḍava army. It first looks motionless like a river at full flood, then begins to show gradual movement—indicating the army’s readiness shifting from poised stillness to active engagement.