Shloka 3

Dvīpa–Sāgara–Parvata Varṇana and Svarbhānu

Rāhu) Graha-pramāṇa (Dvīpas, Oceans, Mountains, and Astral Measures

Devanagari script

संजय उवाच संजयो<हं महाराज नमस्ते भरतर्षभ । हतो भीष्म: शान्तनवो भरतानां पितामह:,संजय बोले--महाराज! भरतश्रेष्ठी] आपको नमस्कार है। मैं संजय आपकी सेवामें उपस्थित हूँ। भरतवंशियोंके पितामह और महाराज शान्तनुके पुत्र भीष्मजी आज युद्धमें मारे गये

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | sañjayo 'haṃ mahārāja namas te bharatarṣabha | hato bhīṣmaḥ śāntanavo bharatānāṃ pitāmahaḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya thưa: “Tâu Đại vương, hỡi bậc tráng sĩ bậc nhất của dòng Bharata, xin cúi đầu kính lễ. Thần là Sañjaya, đến hầu trước bệ rồng. Bhīṣma—con của vua Śāntanu, vị tổ phụ của dòng Bharata—đã bị giết trong trận chiến.”

Word by Word

संजयःSanjaya

उवाचsaid

संजयःSanjaya

अहम्I

महाराजO great king

नमःsalutation

तेto you

भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas

हतःslain

भीष्मःBhishma

शान्तनवःson/descendant of Shantanu

भरतानाम्of the Bharatas

पितामहःgrandfather; grandsire

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Sanjaya

Dhritarashtra

Bhishma

Shantanu

Bharatas

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores the ethical weight of war: even the most venerable elders and embodiments of duty can fall, and such victories carry profound moral and emotional consequences for the dynasty and its rulers.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya addresses King Dhritarashtra with respect and reports the battlefield news that Bhishma, Shantanu’s son and the Bharatas’ grandsire, has been slain.