Shloka 11

Devanagari script

तेजोवधनिमित्तं तु परुषं त्वाहमब्रुवम्‌ । अकस्मात्‌ पाण्डवान्‌ सर्वनवाक्षिपसि सुव्रत

Transliteration

tejo-vadha-nimittaṁ tu paruṣaṁ tvāham abruvam | akasmāt pāṇḍavān sarva-navākṣipasi suvrata ||

Translation

Sañjaya nói: “Ta chỉ vì muốn kìm bớt sự kiêu căng đang phồng lên của ngươi mà đã nói lời gay gắt. Hỡi người giữ lời thệ nguyện tốt lành, cớ sao ngươi bỗng dưng công kích các Pāṇḍava bằng những lời buộc tội hoàn toàn mới?”

Word by Word

• तेजः-वध-निमित्तम्: cause/reason for the slaying (of) prowess/energy
• तेजः-वध-निमित्तम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तेजस्-वध-निमित्त
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• तु: but/indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• परुषम्: harsh (word/speech)
• परुषम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परुष
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• त्वा: you
• त्वा: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: —, Accusative, Singular

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: —, Nominative, Singular

• अब्रुवम्: said/spoke
• Type: Verb
• Root: ब्रू
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 1st, Singular

• अकस्मात्: suddenly/without cause
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अकस्मात्

• पाण्डवान्: the Pandavas
• पाण्डवान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• सर्वान्: all
• सर्वान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• नव: newly/again (as an intensifier: 'afresh')
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नव

• आक्षिपसि: you revile/assail/throw blame at
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-क्षिप्
• Form: Present (Laṭ), 2nd, Singular

• सुव्रत: O man of good vows/discipline
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुव्रत
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Pāṇḍavas

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights ethical restraint in speech: harsh words may be used only with a corrective intent—here, to curb arrogance—yet unjustified, sudden accusations against others (the Pāṇḍavas) are questioned as improper.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya explains that his earlier harshness was deliberate and corrective, aimed at checking the listener’s pride. He then challenges the listener for abruptly launching fresh verbal attacks or accusations against the Pāṇḍavas.