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Shloka 54

रथनेमिनिकृत्तैश्न गजैश्वैवावपोथितै: । पादाताक्षाप्यधावन्त साश्षराश्ष हययोधिन:

sañjaya uvāca | rathanemi-nikṛttaiś ca gajaiś caivāvapothitaiḥ | pādātāś cāpy adhāvanta saśastrāś ca hayayodhinaḥ ||

Sañjaya nói: Nhiều kẻ bị vành bánh chiến xa chém nát, nhiều kẻ bị voi quấn lấy rồi quật xuống đất. Bộ binh cũng hoảng loạn tháo chạy, và kỵ binh—vẫn còn vũ khí trong tay, vẫn còn ngựa dưới mình—cũng bỏ chạy khỏi nơi ấy. Câu kệ cho thấy khi nỗi sợ lấn át kỷ luật, đội hình tan rã và bạo lực trở nên mù quáng, cuốn phăng cả những kẻ đã sẵn sàng và có trang bị.

रथनेमिनिकृत्तैःcut off by the rims of chariot-wheels
रथनेमिनिकृत्तैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootरथ-नेमि-नि-कृत्त
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
गजैःby elephants
गजैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगज
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अश्वैःby horses
अश्वैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
एवindeed/also
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
अपपोथितैःthrown down/overthrown
अपपोथितैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअप-पूथित
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
पादाताःfoot-soldiers
पादाताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपादात
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अक्षाःaxles (i.e., chariots with axles broken/axle-men); contextually: chariot-warriors
अक्षाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअक्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अधावन्तran away/fled
अधावन्त:
TypeVerb
Rootधाव्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural
with
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अश्वwith (their) horse
अश्व:
Saha
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
रथाःchariots/chariot-warriors
रथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हययोधिनःhorse-fighters; cavalry warriors
हययोधिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहय-योधिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
C
chariot wheels (ratha-nemi)
E
elephants (gaja)
I
infantry (pādāta)
C
cavalry/horsemen (hayayodhinaḥ)
W
weapons (śastra)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the moral and practical breakdown that occurs when fear overtakes discipline in war: even armed warriors abandon their station, and violence becomes uncontrolled, harming many without discernment.

Sañjaya describes a fierce moment in the battle where some fighters are cut down by chariot wheels, others are grabbed and slammed down by elephants, and many infantry and cavalry—though still armed—flee the scene.