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Shloka 49

अन्यानपि महाराज तापयामास पार्थिवान्‌ | महाराज! इसी प्रकार अंशुमाली सूर्यके समान अन्यान्य राजाओंको भी वे अपने बाणोंकी वर्षासे संतप्त करने लगे || ४८ ह ।।

sañjaya uvāca |

anyān api mahārāja tāpayāmāsa pārthivān |

parāṅmukhīkṛtya tathā śaravarṣair amahārathān |

atha bhārata! tān sarvān mahārathīn bāṇavarṣadvārā vimukhīkṛtya arjunaḥ saṅgrāmabhūmau kaurava-pāṇḍavayoḥ senayor madhye raktasya bahulāṃ nadīm avāhayat |

Sanjaya thưa: Muôn tâu đại vương, chàng cũng thiêu đốt các vua khác nữa. Tựa Mặt Trời rạng rỡ, chàng bắt đầu hành hạ thêm nhiều vương hầu bằng cơn mưa tên. Rồi, hỡi Bharata, bằng những trận mưa mũi nhọn khiến cả những kẻ không phải đại chiến xa cũng phải quay lưng, và bằng làn tên dồn dập đẩy lùi các đại chiến xa, Arjuna đã làm cho giữa hai đạo quân Kaurava và Pandava trên chiến địa, một dòng sông máu mênh mông tuôn chảy. Đoạn này nhấn mạnh cái giá đạo lý khủng khiếp của chiến tranh: tài năng đạt mục tiêu chiến thuật, nhưng đồng thời nhân lên khổ đau đến mức nhuộm đỏ cả mảnh đất giữa những người cùng huyết thống.

अन्यान्others
अन्यान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तापयामासcaused to burn/tormented
तापयामास:
TypeVerb
Rootतप् (causative: तापय-)
FormPerfect (Periphrastic), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
पार्थिवान्kings/earth-rulers
पार्थिवान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पराड्मुखीकृत्यhaving turned (them) away / having made (them) face away
पराड्मुखीकृत्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपराङ्मुखीकृ (पराङ् + मुख + कृ)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
तथाthus/and also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
शरवर्षैःby showers of arrows
शरवर्षैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशरवर्ष
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
महारथान्great chariot-warriors
महारथान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तान्them
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सर्वान्all
सर्वान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विमुखीकृत्यhaving turned away / having made (them) retreat
विमुखीकृत्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविमुखीकृ (वि + मुख + कृ)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
अर्जुनःArjuna
अर्जुनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
संग्रामभूमौon the battlefield
संग्रामभूमौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंग्रामभूमि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
कौरवपाण्डवानाम्of the Kauravas and Pandavas
कौरवपाण्डवानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकौरवपाण्डव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
सेनयोःof the two armies
सेनयोः:
TypeNoun
Rootसेना
FormFeminine, Genitive, Dual
मध्येin the middle
मध्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमध्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
रक्तस्यof blood
रक्तस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootरक्त
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
बहुmuch/great
बहु:
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
नदीम्a river
नदीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनदी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अवाहयत्caused to flow / made flow
अवाहयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवह् (causative: वाहय-)
FormImperfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'mahārāja')
A
Arjuna
K
Kauravas
P
Pandavas
K
kings/rulers (pārthivāḥ)
M
mahārathas and non-mahārathas
A
arrows (bāṇa/śara)
B
battlefield (saṅgrāmabhūmi)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the dual reality of kṣatriya prowess: martial excellence can be dharmically framed as duty in war, yet its immediate fruit is immense suffering. The image of a 'river of blood' functions as an ethical reminder that victory in battle carries grave human cost, especially in a conflict among relatives.

Sanjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Arjuna, by relentless showers of arrows, repulses both lesser warriors and great chariot-fighters, scorching many kings. Between the Kaurava and Pandava armies, the fighting becomes so intense that it is poetically described as creating a vast river of blood on the battlefield.