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Shloka 21

पुन: पुन: समाश्चस्य प्रायुध्यत मदोत्कट: । अर्जुनस्तु रणे राजन्‌ योधयन्‌ संव्यराजत

punaḥ punaḥ samāśvasya prāyudhyata madotkaṭaḥ | arjunastu raṇe rājan yodhayan saṁvyarājata ||

Sañjaya thưa: Hết lần này đến lần khác, lấy lại can đảm, con của bệ hạ là Duḥśāsana—hung hăng vì men kiêu mạn—dẫu bị đánh bật vẫn lao trở vào chiến trận với sức mạnh mới. Nhưng Arjuna, tâu Đại vương, khi giao chiến trên chiến địa ấy, rực sáng nổi bật, bày tỏ sự điêu luyện và vững vàng giữa cơn bạo liệt của chiến tranh.

पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
समाश्वस्यhaving regained composure
समाश्वस्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√श्वस्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), parasmaipada (usage), having recovered breath / having taken heart
प्रायुध्यतfought forth / fought again
प्रायुध्यत:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√युध्
Formलङ् (imperfect), आत्मनेपद, 3, singular
मदोत्कटःfierce with intoxication/pride
मदोत्कटः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमदोत्कट
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
अर्जुनःArjuna
अर्जुनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
Formneuter, locative, singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
योधयन्fighting / causing to fight
योधयन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√युध् (causative: योधयति)
Formशतृ (present active participle), masculine, nominative, singular
संव्यराजतshone splendidly
संव्यराजत:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-वि-√राज्
Formलङ् (imperfect), परस्मैपद, 3, singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
A
Arjuna
D
Duḥśāsana
B
Bhīṣma
B
battlefield (Kurukṣetra)

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts reckless, pride-driven aggression with disciplined excellence in action: repeated return to battle can arise from mere arrogance (mada), while true radiance in war comes from steadiness, skill, and purposeful conduct.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Duḥśāsana, though checked, repeatedly regains courage and re-enters the fight with force, while Arjuna stands out on the battlefield, fighting brilliantly and commanding the scene.