Shloka 343

Devanagari script

फाल्गुनिं समरे क्रुद्धो विव्याध बहुभि: शरै: । तब राजकुमार बृहद्वलने दूसरा धनुष लेकर समरभूमिमें कुपित हो अर्जुनकुमार अभिमन्युको बहुतेरे बाणोंद्वारा बींध डाला

Transliteration

phālguniṁ samare kruddho vivyādha bahubhiḥ śaraiḥ |

Translation

Sañjaya thưa: Nổi giận giữa chiến địa, vương tử Bṛhadvala cầm lấy cây cung thứ hai và dùng vô số mũi tên đâm xuyên con của Phalguna (Abhimanyu). Cảnh ấy cho thấy sự leo thang không ngừng của chiến tranh, nơi cơn giận và bổn phận võ sĩ thúc đẩy người ta ra đòn quyết liệt, ngay cả trước một đối thủ trẻ tuổi mà đáng gờm.

Word by Word

• फाल्गुनिम्: Phalgunī (name of a woman/epithet; object)
• फाल्गुनिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: फाल्गुनी
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• क्रुद्धः: angry
• क्रुद्धः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुद्ध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विव्याध: pierced
• Type: Verb
• Root: व्यध्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha/Reduplicated perfect), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• बहुभिः: with many
• बहुभिः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• शरैः: arrows
• शरैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Phalguni (Arjuna)
• Abhimanyu
• arrows (śara)
• battlefield (samara)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how anger (krodha) intensifies violence in war, while also reflecting the harsh demands of kṣatriya-duty: once battle is joined, opponents act with decisive force. Ethically, it invites reflection on the cost of wrath and the tragic momentum of conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that, during the fight, Abhimanyu (identified as the son of Phalguna/Arjuna) is struck and wounded by many arrows by an enraged warrior, marking a fierce exchange amid the larger Kurukṣetra battle.