Shloka 42

Adhyāya 104 — Śikhaṇḍin-puraskāraḥ (Śikhaṇḍin as Vanguard) and Bhīṣma’s Counter-Advance

Devanagari script

शैनेयो5पि ततः क्रुद्धक्षापमानम्य वेगवान्‌ । गौतमान्तकरं तूर्ण समाधत्त शिलीमुखम्‌,तब वेगशाली सात्यकिने भी क्रोधमें भरकर अपने धनुषको झुकाया और तुरंत ही उसपर कृपाचार्यका अन्त करनेवाला बाण रखा

Transliteration

śaineyo 'pi tataḥ kruddhaḥ kṣāpamānamya vegavān | gautamāntakaraṃ tūrṇaṃ samādhatta śilīmukham ||

Translation

Sañjaya nói: Rồi Śaineya (Sātyaki) cũng nổi giận, dồn sức bẻ cong cung, và lập tức đặt lên đó một mũi tên sắc—mũi tên nhằm kết liễu Gautama (Kṛpa).

Word by Word

• शैनेयः: Śaineya (Sātyaki)
• शैनेयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शैनेय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अपि: also/even
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• ततः: then/from there
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• क्रुद्धः: angry
• क्रुद्धः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुद्ध (कृदन्त; √क्रुध्)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• आपमानम्: insult/disrespect
• आपमानम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपमान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• वेगवान्: swift/impetuous
• वेगवान्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वेगवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• गौतमान्तकरम्: bringing the end of Gautama (i.e., of Kṛpa)
• गौतमान्तकरम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गौतमान्तकर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• तूर्णम्: quickly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तूर्णम्

• समाधत्त: he fixed/placed (on the bow)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ-√धा (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• शिलीमुखम्: arrow
• शिलीमुखम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिलीमुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Śaineya (Sātyaki)
• Gautama’s son (Kṛpācārya)
• bow
• arrow (śilīmukha)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how anger (krodha) can harden intention and accelerate violence in war, pushing a warrior toward extreme acts even against respected elders. It implicitly warns that battlefield duty (kṣatriya-dharma) can collide with ethical restraint, making inner discipline crucial.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya narrates that Sātyaki, called Śaineya, becomes enraged, bends his bow with force, and quickly fits a sharp arrow intended to kill Kṛpācārya (identified as Gautama’s son). It marks an escalation in the duel and Sātyaki’s lethal resolve.