Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 55

Adhyāya 90: Babhruvāhana’s Reception and the Commencement of Yudhiṣṭhira’s Aśvamedha

द्विज सक्तूनिमान्‌ भूय: प्रतिगृह्लीष्व सत्तम । पत्नीके ऐसा कहनेपर ब्राह्मणने सत्तू लेकर अतिथिसे कहा--'साधुपुरुषोंमें श्रेष्ठ ब्राह्मण! आप यह सत्तू भी पुनः ग्रहण कीजिये” ।।

sa tān pragṛhya bhuktvā ca na tuṣṭim agamad dvijaḥ | tam uñchavṛttir ālakṣya tataś cintāparo 'bhavat ||

Vị bà-la-môn nhận lấy lương thực ấy, ăn rồi mà vẫn chưa thỏa. Thấy vậy, người gia chủ sống bằng nghề mót lúa (uñcha-vṛtti) liền bị nỗi lo âu trùm phủ—bởi bổn phận tiếp đãi khách (atithi-sevā) đã làm đến tận cùng khả năng, mà cơn đói của vị khách vẫn còn, như thử thách lý tưởng đạo đức ấy.

saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Roottad
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
tānthose (things)
tān:
Karma
TypePronoun
Roottad
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
pragṛhyahaving taken/accepted
pragṛhya:
TypeVerb
Rootpra-√grah
FormLyap (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
bhuktvāhaving eaten
bhuktvā:
TypeVerb
Root√bhuj
FormKtvā (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca
nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
tuṣṭimsatisfaction/contentment
tuṣṭim:
Karma
TypeNoun
Roottuṣṭi
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
agamatreached/attained
agamat:
TypeVerb
Root√gam
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
dvijaḥthe Brahmin (twice-born)
dvijaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootdvija
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
tamhim/that (person)
tam:
Karma
TypePronoun
Roottad
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
uñchavṛttimone whose livelihood is gleaning (uñcha-living)
uñchavṛttim:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootuñchavṛtti
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
ālakṣyahaving noticed/observed
ālakṣya:
TypeVerb
Rootā-√lakṣ
FormLyap (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
tataḥthen/thereupon
tataḥ:
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatas
cintāparaḥintent on anxiety; full of worry
cintāparaḥ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootcintāpara
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
abhavatbecame
abhavat:
TypeVerb
Root√bhū
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

नकुल उवाच

D
dvija (brahmin guest/atithi)
U
uñchavṛtti (gleaner-householder brahmin)
S
saktūn (parched grain flour/provisions, implied by context)

Educational Q&A

True dharma is tested not by abundance but by constraint: the host’s anxiety arises from the ethical demand to honor a guest’s need even when one’s resources are minimal, highlighting the ideal of atithi-sevā and compassionate responsibility.

A brahmin guest consumes the offered food yet remains unsatisfied; the poor gleaner-householder notices this and becomes deeply worried, indicating an escalating moral dilemma about how to fulfill hospitality when nothing more seems available.