Shloka 2

Aśvamedha-saṃbhāra: Return of the Horse, Auspicious Timing, and Construction of the Yajña Enclosure

Devanagari script

उपयाता नरव्याप्रा य एते पृथिवी श्वरा: । एतेषां क्रियतां पूजा पूजा हि नराधिपा:,'भाई! ये जो भूमण्डलका शासन करनेवाले राजा यहाँ पधारे हुए हैं, सभी पुरुषोंमें श्रेष्ठ एवं पूजाके योग्य हैं; अतः तुम इनकी यथोचित पूजा (सत्कार) करो”

Transliteration

upayātā naravyāprā ye ete pṛthivīśvarāḥ | eteṣāṃ kriyatāṃ pūjā pūjā hi narādhipāḥ ||

Translation

Vaiśampāyana nói: “Những vị vua này—chúa tể của cõi đất—đã đến đây, đang gánh vác công việc của bậc nam nhi và việc trị nước. Họ đáng được tôn kính giữa loài người; vì vậy hãy dâng sự tôn vinh và tiếp đãi cho xứng đáng, bởi kính trọng bậc quân vương và khách đến nhà vốn là việc hợp đạo.”

Word by Word

• उपयाताः: arrived, come near
• उपयाताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उप-या (धातु) → उपयात (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• नरव्याप्राः: busy/engaged with men (i.e., attended by men)
• नरव्याप्राः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नर + व्याप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ये: who, those who
• ये: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• एते: these
• एते: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• पृथिवीश्वराः: lords of the earth, kings
• पृथिवीश्वराः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी + ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• एतेषाम्: of these / for these
• एतेषाम्: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• क्रियताम्: let (it) be done; should be performed
• क्रियताम्: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: Imperative (Vidhi-ling), 3rd, Singular, Passive (Karmani)

• पूजा: worship, honoring
• पूजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पूजा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• पूजा: worship, honoring
• पूजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पूजा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• हि: indeed, for
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• नराधिपाः: kings, rulers of men
• नराधिपाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर + अधिप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• pṛthivīśvarāḥ (kings, lords of the earth)
• narādhipāḥ (rulers of men)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse emphasizes dharma expressed as proper honor and hospitality: those who arrive—especially kings and eminent persons—should be received with fitting respect, because honoring worthy guests and leaders sustains social order and ethical conduct.

What is happening in the narrative?

The narrator Vaiśampāyana notes that many kings have arrived and instructs that they should be duly welcomed and honored with appropriate ceremonial reception (pūjā/satkāra).