Shloka 17

Adhyāya 51: Kṛṣṇa’s Leave-Taking and Departure for Dvārakā (द्वारकागमनानुमति)

Devanagari script

यददुरापं दुराम्नायं दुराधर्ष दुरन्वयम्‌ | तत्‌ सर्व तपसा साध्यं तपो हि दुरतिक्रमम्‌

Transliteration

yad adurāpaṁ durāmnāyaṁ durādharṣa duranvayam | tat sarvaṁ tapasā sādhyaṁ tapo hi duratikramam ||

Translation

Vāyu nói: “Điều gì cực khó đạt được, khó thấu triệt qua giáo huấn và thực hành, khó chế ngự, khó hòa hợp hay kết giao—tất thảy đều có thể thành tựu nhờ khổ hạnh. Vì sức mạnh của tapas (nỗ lực khổ hạnh có kỷ luật) vốn khó ai vượt thắng.”

Word by Word

• यत्: that which
• यत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• दुरापम्: hard to obtain
• दुरापम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुराप
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• दुराम्नायम्: hard to learn/recite (as taught)
• दुराम्नायम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुराम्नाय
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• दुराधर्षम्: hard to overpower/assail
• दुराधर्षम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुराधर्ष
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• दुरन्वयम्: hard to associate with / hard to follow
• दुरन्वयम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुरन्वय
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• सर्वम्: all (of that)
• सर्वम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• तपसा: by austerity
• तपसा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• साध्यम्: accomplishable/attainable
• साध्यम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: साध्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• तपः: austerity
• तपः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• हि: indeed/for
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• दुरतिक्रमम्: hard to transgress/overstep
• दुरतिक्रमम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुरतिक्रम
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

वायुदेव उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vāyudeva (Wind-god)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Tapas—sustained, disciplined austerity—can accomplish even what seems impossible to obtain, learn, control, or maintain; its moral-spiritual force is portrayed as nearly irresistible.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vāyudeva speaks a didactic maxim, emphasizing the efficacy of tapas as a means to overcome extreme difficulty, reinforcing an ethical ideal of self-mastery and disciplined effort.