Shloka 16
Mind as Charioteer; Kṣetrajña, Tapas, and Dhyāna-Yoga
Adhyātma-Upadeśa
Devanagari script
व्यक्त: सत्त्वगुणस्त्वेवं पुरुषोडव्यक्त इष्यते । एतद् विप्रा विजानीत हन्त भूयो ब्रवीमि व:
Translation
Brahmā dạy các bậc ṛṣi rằng: “Như thế, sattva-guṇa là cái ‘hiển lộ’ (vyakta), còn Puruṣa được xem là ‘vô hiển’ (avyakta). Hỡi các bậc vipra, hãy hiểu rõ điều này; nay ta sẽ nói tiếp cho các ngươi.”
Word by Word
व्यक्तःmanifest
व्यक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सत्त्वगुणःthe quality of sattva
सत्त्वगुणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्वगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
पुरुषःthe Purusha (spirit/person)
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अव्यक्तःunmanifest
अव्यक्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इष्यतेis considered/held to be
इष्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent, Indicative, Passive, Third, Singular
एतत्this (doctrine/point)
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विप्राःO brahmins
विप्राः:
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Plural
विजानीतknow/understand
विजानीत:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormImperative, Imperative, Parasmaipada, Second, Plural
हन्तcome!/well then!/indeed
हन्त:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहन्त
भूयःagain/further
भूयः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभूयस्
ब्रवीमिI speak/tell
ब्रवीमि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, First, Singular
वःto you (all)
वः:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormDative, Plural
Speaker
वायुदेव उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes