Shloka 4

Brahmopadeśa on Saṃnyāsa, Tapas, and Jñāna (ब्रह्मोपदेशः—संन्यासतपोज्ञानविमर्शः)

Devanagari script

तपसा क्षेममध्वानं गच्छन्ति परमे श्वरम्‌ । संन्यासनिरता नित्यं ये च ब्रह्म॒ुविदो जना:

Transliteration

tapasā kṣemamadhvānaṃ gacchanti parameśvaram | saṃnyāsaniratā nityaṃ ye ca brahmavido janāḥ ||

Translation

Vāyudeva nói: Những người luôn chuyên chú nơi hạnh xuất ly và thật sự biết Brahman—tiến bước theo con đường cát tường được củng cố bằng khổ hạnh—sẽ đạt đến Đấng Tối Thượng.

Word by Word

• तपसा: by austerity
• तपसा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• क्षेमम्: auspicious, safe
• क्षेमम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्षेम
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अध्वानम्: path, way
• अध्वानम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्वन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• गच्छन्ति: they go, attain
• गच्छन्ति: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम्
• Form: Present, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

• परमम्: supreme
• परमम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• ईश्वरम्: the Lord
• ईश्वरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• संन्यास-निरताः: engaged in renunciation
• संन्यास-निरताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: संन्यासनिरत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• नित्यम्: always
• नित्यम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्य

• ये: who
• ये: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• ब्रह्म-विदः: knowers of Brahman
• ब्रह्म-विदः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मविद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• जनाः: people, men
• जनाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

वायुदेव उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vāyudeva
• Parameśvara
• Brahman

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Austerity (tapas) coupled with constant renunciation (saṃnyāsa) and Brahman-knowledge is presented as the auspicious path that leads to realization/attainment of the Supreme Lord (Parameśvara). Ethical purification and disciplined restraint are treated as the practical means to the highest end.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vāyudeva is speaking, describing the spiritual qualification and practice of certain seekers—those devoted to renunciation and established in Brahman-knowledge—and stating the result of their path: they attain the Supreme Lord.