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Shloka 10

Adhyāya 26 — Ekākṣara-Brahman (“Om”) and the Hṛdayastha Guru

Inner Teacher

असुराणां प्रवृत्तस्तु दम्भभाव: स्वभावज: । दानं॑ देवा व्यवसिता दममेव महर्षय:

asurāṇāṁ pravṛttas tu dambhabhāvaḥ svabhāvajāḥ | dānaṁ devā vyavasitā damam eva maharṣayaḥ ||

Còn nơi bọn Asura, bản tính kiêu căng giả trá bẩm sinh liền trỗi dậy. Chư Thiên quyết chọn “bố thí” (dāna) làm đường đi của mình, còn các đại thánh hiền chỉ nhận lấy “tự chế” (dama) mà thôi. Thế nên, từ cùng một lời dạy, những bản tánh khác nhau đã bộc lộ những cam kết đạo hạnh khác nhau.

असुराणाम्of the Asuras
असुराणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअसुर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
प्रवृत्तःarisen/manifested
प्रवृत्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रवृत्त (प्र+वृत्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
दम्भभावःthe state of arrogance/ostentation
दम्भभावः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदम्भभाव (दम्भ + भाव)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वभावजःborn of (their) nature; natural
स्वभावजः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वभावज (स्वभाव + ज)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दानम्giving; charity
दानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
व्यवसिताःresolved; determined
व्यवसिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यवसित (वि+अव+सि/सा/सो?; here as past passive participle of वि+अव+√सो/√सि in sense 'resolve/decide')
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दमम्self-control; restraint
दमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एवalone/indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
महर्षयःthe great sages
महर्षयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहर्षि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

ब्राह्मण उवाच

A
Asuras
D
Devas
M
Maharshis (great sages)

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts ethical orientations: Devas choose dāna (generosity), sages choose dama (self-restraint), while Asuras naturally incline toward dambha (vain, hypocritical display). It highlights how svabhāva (innate disposition) shapes one’s response to instruction and one’s chosen virtue.

A brāhmaṇa explains that after a teaching was considered, different classes of beings manifested characteristic tendencies: Asuras displayed arrogance/pretence, Devas committed to giving, and great sages committed to restraint—showing divergent moral outcomes from the same context.