Shloka 13

Mokṣa-dharma Yoga-Upadeśa: Equanimity, Sense-Restraint, and Vision of the Ātman (आत्मदर्शन-योगोपदेशः)

Devanagari script

सर्वसंस्कारनिर्मुक्तो निर्द्धन्द्रो निष्परिग्रह: । तपसा इन्द्रियग्रामं यश्नरेन्मुक्त एव सः

Transliteration

sarvasaṃskāranirmukto nirdvandvo niṣparigrahaḥ | tapasendriyagrāmaṃ yaśnarenmukta eva saḥ ||

Translation

Bà-la-môn nói: Người đã rũ bỏ mọi dấu ấn huân tập và mọi khuôn nếp, vượt khỏi các cặp đối đãi và lòng chiếm hữu, lại nhờ khổ hạnh mà chế ngự toàn bộ đoàn thể các căn, đi lại không vướng mắc—người ấy phải được xem là đã giải thoát.

Word by Word

• सर्वसंस्कारनिर्मुक्तः: freed from all saṃskāras/conditioning
• सर्वसंस्कारनिर्मुक्तः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्वसंस्कारनिर्मुक्त
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• निर्द्वन्द्वः: free from pairs of opposites
• निर्द्वन्द्वः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निर्द्वन्द्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• निष्परिग्रहः: without possessions/without grasping
• निष्परिग्रहः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निष्परिग्रह
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तपसा: by austerity
• तपसा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• इन्द्रियग्रामम्: the collection of senses
• इन्द्रियग्रामम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्रियग्राम
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• यश्नरेत्: should restrain/control
• Type: Verb
• Root: यम्
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• मुक्तः: liberated
• मुक्तः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मुक्त
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• एव: indeed/only
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

ब्राह्मण उवाच

Characters & Entities

• brāhmaṇa (speaker)
• indriyagrāma (the senses)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Liberation is characterized not by external status but by inner freedom: release from conditioning (saṃskāra), equanimity beyond dualities (nirdvandva), non-possessiveness (niṣparigraha), and disciplined mastery of the senses through tapas, enabling unattached conduct in the world.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Ashvamedhika Parva, a brāhmaṇa voice presents a didactic teaching on the marks of a liberated person, defining mokṣa-oriented life through renunciation, sense-restraint, and equanimity rather than ritual or social identity.