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Shloka 27

प्रतिग्रहभेदः — The Distinction between Giving and Accepting

Vṛṣādarbhī–Saptarṣi Dialogue

देवास्तु पितरो नाम निर्मिता ये स्वयम्भुवा । उष्णपा ये महाभागास्तेषां भाग: प्रकल्पित:

devāstu pitaro nāma nirmitā ye svayambhuvā | uṣṇapā ye mahābhāgāsteṣāṃ bhāgaḥ prakalpitaḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Một số hữu thể thần linh, do Svayambhū (Đấng Tự Sinh) tạo ra, được biết đến dưới danh xưng ‘Pitṛs’ (Tổ tiên). Những Pitṛs hiển hách ấy cũng được gọi là Uṣṇapā. Đối với họ, Svayambhū đã định rõ một phần lễ riêng trong các phẩm vật śrāddha—khẳng định rằng việc tôn kính tổ tiên là bổn phận được dharma chuẩn nhận.”

देवाःgods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
पितरःFathers/Manes (Pitṛs)
पितरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नामname (as/under the name)
नाम:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनामन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
निर्मिताःcreated/produced
निर्मिताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्मित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Past passive participle (क्त)
येwho/which
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्वयम्भुवाby Svayambhū (the Self-born, Brahmā)
स्वयम्भुवा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वयम्भू
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
उष्णपाःUṣṇapas (a class of Pitṛs)
उष्णपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउष्णप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
येwho
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
महाभागाःgreatly fortunate/noble
महाभागाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहाभाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
भागःshare/portion (in offerings)
भागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रकल्पितःassigned/ordained
प्रकल्पितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रकल्पित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
S
Svayambhū
D
Devāḥ
P
Pitṛs (Pitaras)
U
Uṣṇapāḥ
Ś
Śrāddha (rite/offerings)

Educational Q&A

That honoring the Pitṛs through śrāddha is not optional sentiment but a dharmically authorized obligation: the Creator himself has assigned the Pitṛs their rightful share in offerings.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma, he identifies a class of beings called the Pitṛs—also termed Uṣṇapā—and explains their divine origin and their formally prescribed portion in śrāddha rites.