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Shloka 1

प्रतिग्रहभेदः — The Distinction between Giving and Accepting

Vṛṣādarbhī–Saptarṣi Dialogue

(दाक्षिणात्य अधिक पाठका १ श्लोक मिलाकर कुल ५५ श्लोक हैं) ऑपन--माज बछ। अकाल एकनवतितमो<ध्याय: शोकातुर निमिका पुत्रके निमित्त पिण्डदान तथा श्राद्धके विषयमे निमिको महर्षि अत्रिका उपदेश

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | kena saṅkalpitaṃ śrāddhaṃ kasmin kāle kim-ātmakam | bhṛgv-aṅgirasike kāle muninā katareṇa vā |

Yudhiṣṭhira thưa: “Tâu ông nội, nghi lễ śrāddha do ai trước hết khởi ý và thiết lập? Nó phát sinh vào thời nào, và bản chất cốt yếu của nó là gì? Nếu khởi đầu của nó thuộc thời Bhṛgu và Aṅgiras, thì vị hiền triết nào đã làm cho nó được biết đến? Xin cũng nói cho con biết trong śrāddha, những việc nào, những loại quả và rễ nào, và những loại ngũ cốc nào là phải kiêng tránh.”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
केनby whom
केन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
संकल्पितम्was resolved/ordained
संकल्पितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसंकल्पित
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
श्राद्धम्Śrāddha (ancestral rite)
श्राद्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
कस्मिन्in which
कस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
कालेtime
काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
किम्what
किम्:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
आत्मकम्of what nature/character
आत्मकम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootआत्मक
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
भृग्वाङ्गिरसिकेin the time/age of Bhṛgu and Aṅgiras
भृग्वाङ्गिरसिके:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootभृग्वाङ्गिरसिक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कालेin the time
काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
मुनिनाby a sage
मुनिना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
कतरेणby which one (of the two)/by which particular (sage)
कतरेण:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकतर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
Ś
śrāddha
B
Bhṛgu
A
Aṅgiras
M
muni (a sage)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames śrāddha as a dharmic obligation grounded in tradition: Yudhiṣṭhira seeks authoritative origins, proper timing, essential nature, and purity-based exclusions, implying that ancestral rites must be performed with correct intention (saṅkalpa) and disciplined observance.

In Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira asks an elder authority (contextually Bhīṣma) to explain how śrāddha began, which sage promulgated it, what it essentially is, and what actions and foods are prohibited in its performance.