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Shloka 18

अनुशासनपर्व अध्याय ९३ — तपस्, सदोपवास, विघसाशन, अतिथिप्रियता

Austerity, regulated fasting, residual-eating, and hospitality

षष्टिं काण: शतं षण्ढ: श्रित्री यावत्प्रपश्यति । पंक्‍्त्यां समुपविष्टायां तावद्‌ दूषयते नृप

ṣaṣṭiṁ kāṇaḥ śataṁ ṣaṇḍhaḥ śvitri yāvat prapaśyati | paṅktyāṁ samupaviṣṭāyāṁ tāvad dūṣayate nṛpa rājān |

Bhīṣma nói: “Tâu đại vương, người ta dạy rằng khi mọi người ngồi chung một hàng ăn, kẻ chột làm ô uế sáu mươi người; kẻ bất lực làm ô uế một trăm người; còn người mắc bạch phong thì làm ô uế bao nhiêu người mà hắn nhìn thấy. Ý ở đây là nhấn mạnh sự cần thiết của những hàng rào nghi lễ và xã hội trong việc làm chung, để điều được khởi sự như một pháp hành thanh tịnh không bị xem là hoen ố.”

षष्टिम्sixty (persons)
षष्टिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootषष्टि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
काणःa one-eyed man
काणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शतम्a hundred (persons)
शतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
षण्ढःa eunuch
षण्ढः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootषण्ढ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्रित्रीa leper (white-leprosy patient)
श्रित्री:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रित्री
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यावत्as many as / as far as
यावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयावत्
प्रपश्यतिsees
प्रपश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र√पश्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
पङ्क्त्याम्in a row (of diners)
पङ्क्त्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपङ्क्ति
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
समुपविष्टायाम्when (they are) seated
समुपविष्टायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-उप-√विश्
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular, Past passive participle (kta)
तावत्so many / to that extent
तावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतावत्
दूषयतेdefiles
दूषयते:
TypeVerb
Root√दूष्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
नृपO king
नृप:
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
N
nṛpa/rājān (the king, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)
P
paṅkti (dining row/line)

Educational Q&A

The verse conveys a dharma-śāstric notion that communal rites—especially shared dining—are considered vulnerable to ‘ritual taint’ from certain stigmatized conditions, emphasizing vigilance about purity rules in collective observances.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma is instructing the king on dharma and proper conduct; here he cites a traditional rule about how impurity is thought to spread within a seated dining line, using numerical measures to underline the seriousness of maintaining ritual order.