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Shloka 5

Śrāddha-dvija-parīkṣā: Paṅkti-dūṣa and Paṅkti-pāvana (श्राद्धे द्विजपरीक्षा—पङ्क्तिदूष-पङ्क्तिपावन)

पितृन्‌ पूज्यादितः पश्चाद्देवतास्तर्पयन्ति वै । तस्मात्‌ तान्‌ सर्वयज्ञेन पुरुष: पूजयेत्‌ सदा

pitṝn pūjyāditaḥ paścād devatās tarpayanti vai | tasmāt tān sarvayajñena puruṣaḥ pūjayet sadā ||

“Người trí trước hết tôn thờ các Pitṛs, rồi sau mới làm lễ tưới rưới (tarpana) để làm vừa lòng chư thần. Vì vậy, con người phải luôn kính lễ các Pitṛs bằng mọi hình thức tế tự và nghi lễ thiêng.”

पितॄन्the fathers/ancestors
पितॄन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पूज्यात्should worship
पूज्यात्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपूज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
आदितःfirst/at the beginning
आदितः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआदि
पश्चात्afterwards
पश्चात्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपश्चात्
देवताःthe deities
देवताः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेवता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
तर्पयन्तिthey satisfy/offer libations to
तर्पयन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootतृप्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
तस्मात्therefore/from that reason
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (तद्)
तान्them (those ancestors)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सर्वयज्ञेनby/with every (kind of) sacrifice
सर्वयज्ञेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
पुरुषःa man/person
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पूजयेत्should worship
पूजयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपूज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular
सदाalways
सदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
मनीषीa wise man
मनीषी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनीषिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
P
Pitṛs (ancestors)
D
Devatās (deities)
Y
Yajña (sacrifice/rite)

Educational Q&A

One should prioritize honoring the ancestors (Pitṛs) before worshipping the gods, and maintain continual reverence for the Pitṛs through all sacrificial and sacred rites—gratitude to lineage is presented as a primary dharmic obligation.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction on dharma (Anuśāsana Parva), he lays down a ritual-ethical order: first perform acts of honor and satisfaction for the ancestors, then proceed to offerings for the deities, concluding with an injunction to keep Pitṛ-worship as a constant practice.