Shloka 3
Adhyāya 9: Pratiśruta-Dāna
The Duty to Fulfill Promised Gifts
Devanagari script
भीष्म उवाच यो न दद्यात् प्रतिश्रुत्य स्वल्पं वा यदि वा बहु आशास्तस्य हता: सर्वा: क्लीबस्येव प्रजाफलम्
Translation
Bhishma nói: “Hỡi Yudhiṣṭhira, kẻ nào đã hứa bố thí—dù ít hay nhiều—mà lại không cho, thì mọi hy vọng của kẻ ấy đều tiêu tan, như hy vọng có quả là con cái của kẻ bất lực.”
Word by Word
भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), Third, Singular
यःwho (he who)
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
दद्यात्would give / should give
दद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular
प्रतिश्रुत्यhaving promised
प्रतिश्रुत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रतिश्रु
FormAbsolutive (Tumun/ktvā-type: -ya), Parasmaipada (usage)
स्वल्पम्a little (amount)
स्वल्पम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वल्प
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
बहुmuch (amount)
बहु:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आशाःhopes, expectations
आशाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआशा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
अस्यof him
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
हताःdestroyed
हताः:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPast passive participle (kta), Feminine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वाःall
सर्वाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
क्लीबस्यof an impotent person
क्लीबस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootक्लीब
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
प्रजाफलम्the fruit in the form of offspring
प्रजाफलम्:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा-फल
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes