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Shloka 20

Brāhmaṇa-vandana: Criteria for Veneration, Disciplined Speech, and Protective Kingship (अनुशासनपर्व, अध्याय ८)

यथा भार्त्राश्रियो धर्म: स्त्रीणां लोके युधिष्ठिर । स देव: सा गतिर्नन्या क्षत्रियस्य तथा द्विजा:

yathā bhartṛ-āśrayo dharmaḥ strīṇāṃ loke yudhiṣṭhira | sa devaḥ sā gatir nānyā kṣatriyasya tathā dvijāḥ ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Cũng như, hỡi Yudhiṣṭhira, trong đời này người ta hiểu rằng dharma của người nữ nương nơi chồng—chỉ chồng là thần linh của nàng và là chỗ nương tựa tối thượng, không còn nơi quy hướng cuối cùng nào khác—thì đối với một kṣatriya cũng vậy: phụng sự và kính trọng các brāhmaṇa là dharma tối thượng. Các brāhmaṇa là thần linh của người ấy và là chỗ nương tựa cao nhất; không có gì khác.”

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
भर्तृ-आश्रयःhaving the husband as support
भर्तृ-आश्रयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootआश्रय (प्रातिपदिक); भर्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःduty, dharma
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्त्रीणाम्of women
स्त्रीणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
लोकेin the world
लोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सःhe/that (one)
सः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
देवःgod, lord
देवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
साshe/that (same)
सा:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
गतिःgoal, refuge, final course
गतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्याother
अन्या:
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रियस्यof a kṣatriya
क्षत्रियस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
तथाso, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
द्विजाःbrahmins (twice-born)
द्विजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
S
strī (women)
B
bhartṛ (husband)
K
kṣatriya
D
dvija (brāhmaṇas/twice-born)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma frames dharma as a relationship of acknowledged dependence and reverence: as a wife’s social-religious duty is portrayed as centered on her husband as ‘deva’ and ‘gati’, so a kṣatriya’s highest duty is to honor and serve brāhmaṇas, treating them as the primary spiritual authority and refuge.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction section, Bhīṣma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira on proper conduct and social duties. Here he uses an analogy to emphasize the kṣatriya’s obligation to support and defer to brāhmaṇas as part of maintaining dharma in society.