Shloka 10

Phala of Vrata, Niyama, Svādhyāya, Dama, Satya, Brahmacarya, and Service (व्रत-नियम-स्वाध्याय-दम-सत्य-ब्रह्मचर्य-शुश्रूषा-फलप्रश्नः)

Devanagari script

तस्य दुःखपरीतस्य स्वं पुत्रमनुशोचत: । व्यतीतं तदहःशेषं सा चोग्रा तत्र शर्वरी

Transliteration

tasya duḥkhaparītasya svaṁ putram anuśocataḥ | vyatītaṁ tad-ahaḥśeṣaṁ sā cogrā tatra śarvarī ||

Translation

Bhishma nói: Bị nỗi sầu khổ bao trùm, lại hết lần này đến lần khác than khóc cho chính đứa con mình, vị đại hiền đã trải nốt phần còn lại của ngày ấy trong u buồn; và tại đó, đêm kinh hoàng cũng đến rồi trôi qua.

Word by Word

• तस्य: of him
• तस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• दुःख: with sorrow
• दुःख: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• परीतस्य: of (one) surrounded/overwhelmed
• परीतस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परि-इ (परीत)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• स्वम्: own
• स्वम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्व
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• पुत्रम्: son
• पुत्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अनुशोचतः: of (him) lamenting
• अनुशोचतः: Sambandha
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु-शुच्
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular, Present active participle (शतृ)

• व्यतीतम्: passed/elapsed
• व्यतीतम्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-अति-इ (व्यतीत)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, Past passive participle

• तत्: that
• तत्: Visheshana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• अहः: day
• अहः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहन्/अहः
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• शेषम्: remaining
• शेषम्: Visheshana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शेष
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• सा: she
• सा: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• उग्रा: terrible/fierce
• उग्रा: Visheshana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्र
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र

• शर्वरी: night
• शर्वरी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर्वरी
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• a grieving father (unnamed in this verse)
• his son (unnamed in this verse)
• day (ahaḥ)
• night (śarvarī)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even profound wisdom can be shaken by personal loss; the verse highlights the ethical need to recognize grief without letting it eclipse dharma, remembering that time continues and one must regain steadiness.

What is happening in the narrative?

A father, overwhelmed with sorrow for his son, spends the rest of the day lamenting; then a fearful night arrives and also passes, marking the continuation of time amid mourning.