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Shloka 53

Nṛga-upākhyāna: Brāhmaṇa-sva and the Consequence of Misappropriated Gift-Cattle (कृकलास-रूपे नृगोपाख्यानम्)

न कृशां नापवत्सां वा वन्ध्यां रोगान्वितां तथा । नव्यंगां न परिश्रान्तां दद्याद्‌ गां ब्राह्मणाय वै

na kṛśāṃ nāpavatsāṃ vā vandhyāṃ rogānvitāṃ tathā | navy-aṅgāṃ na pariśrāntāṃ dadyād gāṃ brāhmaṇāya vai ||

Bhīṣma nói: “Không nên dâng cho một Brāhmaṇa con bò nếu nó gầy mòn, hoặc đã mất bê, hoặc hiếm muộn, hoặc mang bệnh; cũng không nên dâng con bò dị tật, thiếu chi, hay đã kiệt sức vì tuổi già. Lễ vật nhằm tôn vinh dharma phải là vật xứng đáng và lành tốt, chứ không phải một của cho tật nguyền trở thành gánh nặng.”

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कृशाम्emaciated (cow)
कृशाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकृशा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
nor
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपवत्साम्without a calf (calf lost/dead)
अपवत्साम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअपवत्सा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
वन्ध्याम्barren
वन्ध्याम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवन्ध्या
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
रोगान्विताम्afflicted with disease
रोगान्विताम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootरोगान्विता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
व्यङ्गाम्maimed/defective-limbed
व्यङ्गाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यङ्गा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
nor
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
परिश्रान्ताम्exhausted/worn-out
परिश्रान्ताम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरिश्रान्ता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
दद्यात्should give
दद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormVidhi-ling (Optative), Present-system, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
गाम्a cow
गाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
ब्राह्मणायto a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
वैindeed/assuredly
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Brāhmaṇa
C
cow (gā)

Educational Q&A

A righteous gift should be genuinely beneficial and respectful; offering a weak, barren, diseased, deformed, or exhausted cow to a Brāhmaṇa is improper because it turns charity into a burden and undermines the ethical intent of dāna.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma lays down practical rules for charitable giving—specifically, standards for donating cows—emphasizing suitability and integrity in offerings to Brāhmaṇas.