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Shloka 42

Nṛga-upākhyāna: Brāhmaṇa-sva and the Consequence of Misappropriated Gift-Cattle (कृकलास-रूपे नृगोपाख्यानम्)

एंक गोब्राह्मणं तस्मात्‌ प्रवदन्ति मनीषिण: । रन्तिदेवस्य यज्ञे ता: पशुत्वेनोपकल्पिता:

ekaṁ gobrāhmaṇaṁ tasmāt pravadanti manīṣiṇaḥ | rantidevasya yajñe tāḥ paśutvenopakalpitāḥ ||

Bhishma nói: “Vì thế, bậc hiền trí tuyên rằng bò và Bà-la-môn là một về bản thể. Trong lễ tế của vua Rantideva, những con bò ấy được định là ‘vật hiến’ chỉ theo nghĩa nghi lễ—tức đã được dành riêng để đem bố thí làm tặng phẩm. Bởi vậy mới truyền rằng con sông mang tên Carmanvatī đã chảy ra từ vô số tấm da. Nhưng những con bò ấy không bị trói buộc vào thân phận súc vật bị giết; chúng được chỉ định để hiến tặng.”

एकम्one (as one entity)
एकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
गोब्राह्मणम्cow-and-Brahmin (as a single combined object of regard)
गोब्राह्मणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगोब्राह्मण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore / from that (reason)
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतस्मद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
प्रवदन्तिdeclare / say
प्रवदन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + वद्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
मनीषिणःthe wise (men)
मनीषिणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनीषिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रन्तिदेवस्यof Rantideva
रन्तिदेवस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरन्तिदेव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
यज्ञेin the sacrifice
यज्ञे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
ताःthose (fem.)
ताः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
पशुत्वेनas/with the status of sacrificial animals
पशुत्वेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपशुत्व
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
उपकल्पिताःwere arranged / were prepared / were appointed
उपकल्पिताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootउप + कल्प्
FormPast Passive Participle, Feminine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
R
Rantideva
C
cow (go)
B
Brahmin (brāhmaṇa)
Y
yajña (sacrifice)

Educational Q&A

The verse elevates the cow and the Brahmin as a single sacred category in dharma: both are to be protected and honored. It frames true righteousness as generosity and reverence for life, emphasizing that ritual designations should not be read as license for cruelty.

Bhishma cites King Rantideva’s famed sacrifice, where many cows were set aside under the ritual label of ‘paśu’ but were intended for gifting. The tradition remembers the immense scale of the rite (and its aftermath imagery, such as the river associated with hides) to underscore extraordinary charity and the sanctity attached to cows.