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Shloka 1

Adhyāya 64: Dāna-prakāra—Suvarṇa, Pānīya-dāna, Ghṛta-dāna, and Upakaraṇa-dāna

Utility Gifts

एकषष्टितमो< ध्याय: राजाके लिये यज्ञ

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca—dānaṁ yajñaḥ kriyā ceha kiṁsvit pretya mahāphalam | kasya jyāyaḥ phalaṁ prokte kīdṛśebhyaḥ kathaṁ kadā ||

Yudhiṣṭhira thưa rằng: “Trong hai điều—bố thí và tế tự—và nói rộng ra là mọi hành trì đạo pháp ở đời này, điều nào cho quả báo lớn nhất sau khi chết? Trong hai điều ấy, quả của điều nào được nói là cao hơn? Nên bố thí cho hạng Bà-la-môn nào, vào lúc nào và theo cách nào? Và nên cử hành tế lễ ra sao, vào thời điểm nào? Ta muốn biết sự thật ấy một cách đúng đắn. Ôi bậc học giả, xin hãy giảng rộng cho ta pháp về bố thí.”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhishthira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
दानम्gift; giving (charity)
दानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यज्ञःsacrifice; ritual
यज्ञः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्रियाreligious act; rite; performance
क्रिया:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्रिया
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
इहhere; in this world
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
किम्what?
किम्:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
स्वित्indeed? (interrogative particle)
स्वित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वित्
प्रेत्यhaving departed; after death
प्रेत्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र-इ
FormGerund (Absolutive)
महाफलम्great-fruited; yielding great result
महाफलम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहाफल
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
कस्यof which? of whom?
कस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
ज्यायःgreater; superior
ज्यायः:
TypeAdjective
Rootज्यायस्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
फलम्fruit; result
फलम्:
TypeNoun
Rootफल
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
प्रोक्तम्said; declared
प्रोक्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-वच्
FormPast Passive Participle, Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
कीदृशेभ्यःto what kind (of persons)?
कीदृशेभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootकीदृश
FormMasculine/Neuter, Dative/Ablative, Plural
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
कदाwhen?
कदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदा

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Brāhmaṇas
D
Dāna (charity)
Y
Yajña (sacrifice)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharma-inquiry: how to evaluate the spiritual efficacy of charity (dāna) versus sacrifice (yajña), and what proper criteria (recipient, time, manner) make these acts ethically and religiously fruitful, especially with regard to posthumous merit.

At the opening of the chapter, Yudhiṣṭhira approaches a learned authority (contextually Bhīṣma in the Anuśāsana Parva) and asks for a detailed exposition on the comparative merits of dāna and yajña and the correct rules for giving and performing rites.